依据联合国对老龄化社会的定义，中国于2000年正式进入老龄化社会。由于中国的人口年龄结构转变十分迅速，因此其老龄化程度也是急剧加重的。同样作为东方老龄化急进式国家的日本，于1970年比中国早30年进入老龄化社会，在其老龄化过程中出现了养老年金入不敷出、企业活力下降、产业被动调整、家庭养老功能下降以及机构养老设施供给不足等问题，经过一系列的改革，目前已经可以从容应对老龄化社会。中国老龄化有其自身的特点，在老龄化过程中不但会遇到和日本同样的问题诸如：养老保险缺口增大、家庭养老功能缺损、机构养老设施供给不足等问题，还会因为其城乡二元结构面临城乡老年人经济收入不平等的问题。本文拟以日本经验作为借鉴，逐步构筑、完善中国自己的老龄化社会机制。%According to the United Nation’s definition of the aging society, China started to be the aging society in 2000. Because of the changes in the age structure of population in China are very rapid, the degree of aging also sharply aggravated. Similarly, as a rapidly aging oriental country, Japan has became the aging society since 1970. In the process of aging, some problems appeared including pensions deficits, enterprise activity decreased, industry adjusted passively, family support for old people reduced and insufficient supply of apartments for the old people. It can easily deal with the aging society now. China has its own aging characteristics. it has encountered the problem that inequality of income of old people between city and countryside which are not appeared in Japan. We can also learn from Japan's experience to build and improve China's aging society mechanisms gradually.
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