为调节茶园土壤理化性状，提高茶叶产量和品质，通过近3a的田间小区试验，在氮磷钾肥平衡施用基础上，研究添施腐植酸类土壤调理剂（腐植酸和风化煤）对茶园土壤理化性状及茶叶产量、品质的影响，结果表明：添施腐植酸类土壤调理剂可降低土壤容重7．22％～15．44％，提高土壤孔隙度8．24％～18．62％，pH 2．97％～18．61％、有机质8．86％～27．22％、全氮9．80％～45．10％、全磷6．12％～40．82％、全钾4．52％～40．16％、碱解氮8．81％～45．75％、速效磷0．62％～67．55％和速效钾5．56％～36．09％；并增加茶青产量3．19％～14．24％，提高茶叶的茶多酚5．21％～10．73％。其中，以化肥＋腐植酸＋风化煤处理对提高茶叶产量、茶多酚以及土壤碱解氮含量的效果最佳；以化肥＋腐植酸处理对降低土壤容重、增加土壤孔隙度、提高土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量的效果最佳；而化肥＋风化煤处理对提高土壤pH 值的效果最佳。%To modify the physical and chemical properties of the soil and to improve the yield and quality of the tea,a field trial on two soil conditioners (i.e.,humic acid and weathered coal)was conducted.The conditioners wereadded to the soil at a tea plantation with a balanced use of nitrogenous,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for theprevious 3 years.The results showed that the weight/volume of the soil was reduced by 7.22 % - 1 5.44%;theporosity,pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium of the soil increased by 8.24% - 1 8.6 2 %,2.9 7 % - 1 8.6 1 %,8.8 6 % -2 7.22 %,9.80% - 45.1 0%,6.1 2 % - 40.82 %,4.5 2 % - 40.1 6 %,8.8 1 % - 45.7 5 %,0.6 2 % - 6 7.5 5 % and5.5 6 %-3 6.0 9 %,respectively;and,the yield and polyphenol content of the tea increased by 3.1 9 %-1 4.24% and5.2 1 %-1 0.7 3 %,respectively.Specifically,the application of the " chemical fertilizer + humic acid + weatheredcoal"showed the most significant effect on increasing the yield and polyphenols of the tea and the alkali-hydrolyzablenitrogen content in the soil.The application of the" chemical fertilizer+humic acid"appeared to be most significantin bringing about the decrease on the volume-weight and increases on the porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus and potassium of the soil.And,the treatment with the "chemical fertilizer+weathered coal"was most effective in raising the pH of the soil.
展开▼
