闽中地区再生稻田杂草种类及其群落特征

摘要

Surveys were conducted on the weeds grown in the regeneration rice fields at 1 1 affiliated villages in 5 townships of Youxi Country in central Fujian by the sampling method of inverted W.A total of 1 7 species belonging to 1 1 families were found.Among them,3 were of the Gramineae and Cyperaceae families,and two of the Lythraceae and Onagraceae families.Based on their dominance and diversity in 6 villages,such as Maoze,8 species were considered the dominant weeds, which included Echinochloa crusgalli , Euphorbia lathyris , Eclipta prostrata , Lindernia procumbens , Rotala indica , Ammannia rotundifolia , Monochoria vaginalis , and Heleocharis plantagineiformis . The weed community mainly consisted of M. vaginalis , E . lathyris , E . crusgalli,E .prostrata,R.indica and L.procumbens .The species richness,diversity and evenness of the communities in the fields at Peng,Geqiutou and Maze villages were higher than those of the others.Significant differences on the composition of the weed communities were observed among the surveyed villages.The variations might be attributed to the differences on the local ecology,as well as the history of rice cultivation and applied herbicides in those fields at Youxi.%采用倒置“W”取样法对福建中部尤溪县5个乡镇11个自然村的再生稻田杂草进行调查，结果表明：再生稻田杂草有17种，隶属于11科，其中禾本科和莎草科各3种，千屈菜科和柳叶菜科各2种；对麻泽村等6个自然村的再生稻田杂草优势度和多样性分析表明，稗草、千金子、鳢肠、陌上菜、节节菜、圆叶节节、鸭舌草、野荸荠等8种杂草为尤溪县再生稻田优势种；杂草群落结构以“鸭舌草+千金子+稗草+鲤肠+节节菜+陌上菜”为主；蓬村、隔邱头村和麻泽村再生稻田杂草群落的物种丰富度、多样性及均匀度指数较高，而庄前村相对较低；各地之间的群落结构存在明显差异；再生稻田土壤生境、栽培水平和头季稻田施用除草剂品种不同，可能是导致尤溪县再生稻田杂草种类及其群落组成产生差异的原因。