环保型饲粮对生长猪生长性能和养分排泄量的影响

摘要

为研究低蛋白质饲粮添加植酸酶、非淀粉多糖酶(NSP)和氨基酸微量元素对生长猪生长性能、养分排泄量的影响，选用90头平均初始体重为(41.92±2.6)kg 的杜长大三元杂交猪，分为5组，设置1组为对照组，试验组采用低蛋白饲粮，试验2组为添加植酸酶处理；试验3组为添加氨基酸微量元素+植酸酶处理，试验4组为添加植酸酶+ NSP 酶处理，试验5组为添加氨基酸微量元素+植酸酶+NSP 酶，试验期38 d。结果表明，试验2组平均日增重、料重比分别比1组提高7.64%和1.94%(P <0.05)，其余各组间差异不显著(P >0.05)；粪 N 浓度2、3、4、5组比1组分别降低18.58%、20.65%、23.01%和21.24%(P <0.05)；粪 P 浓度2、3、4、5组比1组分别降低40.23%、38.31%、39.08%和39.85%(P <0.01)；粪 Cu、Fe 浓度2、3、4、5组与1组相比极显著降低(P <0.01)；粪 Zn 浓度2、3、4、5组与1组相比显著降低(P <0.05)。由此可见，低蛋白质饲粮添加植酸酶处理，能显著提高生长猪平均日增重，显著减少粪中氮、锌含量，极显著减少粪磷、铜、铁含量；在此基础上，继续应用氨基酸微量元素等量替代相应的无机硫酸盐及添加 NSP 酶均对生长猪生长性能和粪中养分含量的影响差异不显著。%The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of phytase and Non-starch ploysaccharide enzyme (NSPase)and amino-acid with trace mineral chelates on growth performance and nutrients excretion of growing pigs.Ninety DLY pigs with initial body weight of (41.92 ± 2.6 )kg were randomly allocated into 5 groups of 3 replicates with 6 pigs in each replicates.Group 1 was control with diet of crude protein (CP)1 7.4% and Fe 100 mg·kg-1 and Zn 120 mg·kg-1 .Group 2 to 5 was experiments with low protein diet (CP 14.3%).Compared to group 1,the CP and total P (TP)level reduced 3% and 0.1 % level and Fe and Zn decreased 50% respectively and Cu reduced to 10 mg·kg-1 in group 2. In group 3,the trace minerals were replaced 50% with amino-acid with Cu, Fe and Zn chelates on the base of group 2. The diets of group 4 and 5 were added with NSPase on the base of group 2 and 3 respectively.The experiments lasted for 38 days.The results showed as follows:Compared with control, the average daily gain (ADG)and ratio of feed to gain (F/G)in group 2 significantly increased 7.64% and 1.94%respectively (P <0.05),and fecal nitrogen (N)excretion in group 2 to 5 significantly decreased 18.58%,20.65%, 23.0% and 21.24% respectviely (P <0.05),fecal phosphorous (P)excretion in groups 2 to 5 decreased 40.23%, 38.31%,39.08% and 39.85% respectively (P <0.01).The fecal Cu (P <0.01)and Fe (P <0.01)and Zn (P <0.05)excretion of group 2 to 5 were significantly lower than those of group 1. In conclusion,these results indicated that diets containing phytase with reducing 3% CP and 0.1% TP level and Fe and Zn decreasing 50% and Cu lowing to 10 mg·kg-1 on the base of commom CP diet can improve ADG and decrease fecal N and Zn excretion (P <0.05) and reduce fecal P,Cu and Fe excretion (P <0.01).But these dietary supplementation of organic trace minerals and NSPase had no influence on growth performance and fecal nutrients.