儿童饮食行为习惯与肥胖关系的横断面调查——基于上海市闵行区学龄儿童健康的队列研究

摘要

Objective To investigate the relationship between eating habits and childhood obesity by the method of cross-sectional survey in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of childhood obesity.Methods We enrolled first-year students in Minhang District of Shanghai who participated in physical examination in 2014.Information was obtained from standardized face to face interviews of their parents or guardians with detailed questions on demographic characteristics,dietary habit,food preference,physical activity,sleep time and so on.Odds ratio (OR) and 95％ CI were calculated by unconditional Logistic regression models.Results Finally,5 752 students were enrolled in the study.The rate of obesity was 15.16％ (boys:18.35％;girls:11.83％) and the rate of over weight was 14.31％ (boys.:15.15％;girls:13.43％).Meat-based diet (OR=1.58,95％ CI:1.32-1.91),skipping breakfast (OR =1.87,95％ CI:1.01-3.46),eating too much caffeine-containing food (OR =1.66,95％ CI:1.09-2.51) and eating fast (OR:3.32-14.95) were associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity.Plant-based diet (OR =0.51,95％ CI:0.35-0.74) and choosy in food (OR:0.38-0.64) were associated with a decreased risk of childhood obesity.Besides,we found that children who preferred meat (OR =2.11,95％CI:1.42-3.14) and cured food (OR =1.42,95％ CI:1.05-1.92) had a higher risk of obesity.Conclusions Our results support the association between eating habits and childhood obesity.%目的 采用横断面调查分析儿童饮食行为习惯与肥胖的关联,为儿童肥胖的预防与干预策略设计提供科学依据.方法 以2014学年上海市闵行区参加体检的公办学校一年级小学生作为研究对象,调查问卷由研究对象的父母或监护人填写,获取研究对象的一般人口学特征、饮食行为习惯、饮食偏好和运动睡眠等日常行为习惯的信息.对调查结果进行非条件Logistic回归分析,计算优势比(odds ratio,OR)和95％CI.结果 共计5 752名儿童同时进行问卷调查与健康体检,纳入本研究.闵行区一年级学生的肥胖检出率为15.16％,其中男性为18.35％,女性为11.83％;超重检出率为14.31％,其中男性为15.15％,女性为13.43％.平日饮食以荤菜为主(OR=1.58,95％CI:1.32～1.91)、早餐食用频率低(OR=1.87,95％CI:1.01～3.46)、咖啡因食品摄入过多(OR=1.66,95％ CI:1.09～2.51)、吃饭速度快(OR:3.32～14.95)等均显著增加了儿童肥胖的危险性;而平日饮食以素菜为主(OR =0.51,95％CI:0.35～0.74)和挑剔食物(OR:0.38～0.64)与较低的儿童肥胖有显著性统计关系.在饮食偏好方面,喜欢吃肉类(OR=2.11,95％CI:1.42～3.14)和腌熏类食物(OR=1.42,95％CI:1.05～1.92)是儿童肥胖的危险因素.结论 不良的饮食行为习惯与儿童肥胖存在关联性.