三种养殖鲟鱼卵营养成分的比较分析

摘要

Sturgeon is one of the essential economic fish in China .The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, amino acids (AA) and fatty acids (FA) were investigated in Acipenser schrenckii, A.baerii and A.ruthenus eggs.The re-sult showed that crude protein (22.6%) and crude lipid (17.9%) in A.baerii eggs were higher than those of A.schrenckii and A.ruthenus, crude protein and crude lipid in A.baerii and A.schrenckii eggs were significantly higher than that in A.ruthenus ( P<0.05 ) .18 kinds of amino acids were found in three sturgeon eggs .49% of total essential amino acids ( TEAA) was found in total amino acid ( TAA) .The TEAA/TAA in A.schrenckii was 50.06%, significantly higher than others (P<0.05).Leucine was the most abundant essential amino acids (EAA) in three sturgeons, and except trypto-phan, others EAA was not significantly different among the three sturgeons eggs (P>0.05).Glutamic was the most abun-dant nonessential amino acid (NAA), and not significantly different among them (P>0.05).C16∶0 was the highest content of saturated fatty acid (SFA), and no significant difference in species .C18∶1n-9 was the highest content of mo-nounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and A.schrenckii was significantly higher than A.baerii and A.ruthenus (P<0.05).C22∶6 n-3 was the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acid , and A.baerii was significantly higher than that of A.schrenckii and A.ruthenus.DHA, EPA, PUFA, total n-3 PUFA, and n-3-6 in A.baerii were significantly higher than other sturgeons .As a result, more attention should be paid to fatty acid composition when we prepare the sturgeon broodstock diets .%对养殖施氏鲟（ Acipenser schrenckii）、西伯利亚鲟（ A.baerii）和小体鲟（ A.ruthenus）卵中常规营养成分、氨基酸（AA）和脂肪酸（FA）的组成和含量进行了测定。结果表明，三种鲟鱼中，西伯利亚鲟卵内粗蛋白（22.6％）和粗脂肪（17.9％）含量最高，且与施氏鲟的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量都显著高于小体鲟（ P＜0.05）；三种鲟鱼卵内均含有18种氨基酸，其中必需氨基酸总量（ TEAA）占总氨基酸（ TAA）均高于49％，且施氏鲟卵内TEAA占TAA的50.06％，显著高于西伯利亚鲟和小体鲟（ P＜0.05）。三种鲟鱼卵内含量最多的必需氨基酸（ EAA ）均为亮氨酸，种类间的色氨酸含量差异显著（P＜0.05），其他EAA含量无显著差异（P＞0.05）；各种非必需氨基酸（NAA）含量种类间差异不显著（P＞0.05），以谷氨酸含量最高。三种鲟鱼卵内，含量最高的饱和脂肪酸（SFA）均为C16∶0，种间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）中均以C18∶1n-9含量最高，且施氏鲟卵内含量显著高于西伯利亚鲟和小体鲟（ P＜0.05）；多不饱和脂肪酸（ PUFA）中均以C22∶6 n-3含量最高，其中西伯利亚鲟卵内含量显著高于施氏鲟和小体鲟（ P＜0.05）；西伯利亚鲟卵内n-3-6值最高，小体鲟卵内最低，且三种鲟鱼间n-3-6值均有显著差异（ P＜0.05）。西伯利亚鲟鱼卵内， DHA、 EPA、 PUFA、 n-3 PUFA总含量及n-3-6值均显著高于另外两种鲟鱼卵（ P＜0.05）。因此，在配置鲟亲鱼配合饲料时，要重视各种脂肪酸之间的添加比例。