云南松的地理分布与气候关系

摘要

广泛收集云南松地理分布资料,应用地理信息系统ArcGIS,制作云南松物种的分布现状图,并根据ClimateChina预测模型确定云南松分布区间的气候参数,利用Kira的温暖指数(WI)、寒冷指数(CI)、干燥度指数(K)、徐文铎湿度指数(HI)、holdridge生物温度(BT)、可能蒸散量(PET)、可能蒸散率(PER)以及单一气候因子如年平均气温(MAT)、1月平均气温(TAV01)、7月平均气温(TAV07)、年降水量(MAP)、＞5℃积温(DD5)、＞18℃积温(DD18)、极端最高气温(MWMT)、极端最低气温(MCMT)、气温年较差(TD)、年热湿比(AHM)等指标,研究云南松的地理分布与气候关系,讨论了云南松垂直分布上下限以及北界的热量状况.主成分分析结果表明:影响云南松地理分布的主要因素依次为:温度、湿度、气温年较差.%A distribution map of Pinus yunnanensis was made according to the data on geographical distribution of P. yunnanensis by means of applying geographic information systems software ArcGIS, and the climatic parameters of the distribution areas for P. yunnanensis were determined by the climate forecast model ClimateChina. The relationship between the geographical distribution of P. yunnanensis and the climate was studied by adopting the indexes of Kira including the warmth index ( WI) , coldness index ( CI) and aridity index ( K) , Xu' s humidity index (HI) , Holdridge's life temperature (BT) , potential evapotranspiration (PET) , potential evapotranspiration ratio ( PER) and the single factors as the mean annual temperature, the mean temperature in January, the mean temperature in July, the mean annual precipitation, the > 5 ℃ accumulated temperature, the > 18 ℃ accumulated temperature , the maximum temperature, the minimum temperature, the temperature variation, the ratio of temperature and precipitation of the year, etc. And the Kira's water-temperature indexes on distributional upper limit, low limit and north limit were discussed. The major climatic factors effecting the distribution of P. yunnanensis were screened out by statistical analysis software SPSS and the results showed the impact factors are in the order of temperature > humidity > the temperature difference between mean wannest month temperature and mean coldest month temperature.