杜鹃花花色苷遗传变异的研究

摘要

27 azalea samples of seven pairs of azalea parents and their hybrids were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV/Vis Detector, and 15 major anthocyanins were detected. The results of quantitative analysis show that Cy3Ga, Cy3G, pigment 2, pigment 5 and pigment 14 are the main anthocyanins in azalea petals, with accumulated content over 90% of total anthocyanins, and Dp3G was only detected in 4 samples. Inheritance analysis indicates that Cy3G5G and pigment 15 are multiple-gene inheritance pattern dominated by enhancer genes; pigment 5, pigment 14 and Cy3G are controlled by equivalent genes; pigment 2, pigment 4 and Cy3G are dominated by reductive genes. Therefore it is deduced that flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase and flavonoid 3-O-galactosyltransferase are controlled respectively by reductive genes and equivalent genes; flavonoid 5-O-galacto-syltransferase is controlled by enhancer genes. The results of color comparison show that Dp3G is highly correlated with blue-purple in azalea flowers; pigment 14 is correlated with magenta flowers, and other anthocyanins are correlated with scarlet flowers. The strategies for color breeding with anthocyanin assistance are brought forward.%采用高效液相色谱对7个杂交组合的父本、母本及其子代共27份杜鹃花样品进行分析,共检测到15种花色苷组分,其中,Cy3Ga、Cy3G和成分2、5、14为杜鹃花主要花色苷组分,累积含量占总花色苷的90％以上；而Dp3G花色苷仅在4份样品中出现.花色苷遗传变异模式的研究发现,Cy3G5G和成分15为增效基因占主导的多基因遗传控制模式,成分5、14和Cy3Ga为等效多基因遗传,成分2、4和Cy3G为减效基因占主导的多基因遗传控制模式,并以此推测类黄酮3-O-葡萄糖苷转移酶和类黄酮3-O-半乳糖苷转移酶基因的控制模式分别为减效基因占主导的多基因遗传模式和等效多基因遗传模式,而类黄酮5-O-葡萄糖苷转移酶基因为增效基因占主导的多基因遗传控制模式.花色比对结果显示,Dp花色苷与蓝紫花色呈现具有高度相关,成分14与洋红花色呈现具有密切关系,其余花色苷与大红花色呈现具有一定相关.最后初步探讨了杜鹃花花色的花色苷辅助育种策略.