山核桃不同无性系果实性状及营养成分分析

摘要

[目的]探明山核桃无性系果实形态结构特征、内含物营养成分组成与含量及其变异规律。[方法]采用国家标准、方差分析、多重比较等方法对山核桃无性系测定试验林11个无性系果实性状和营养成分进行分析。[结果]结果表明：山核桃果实除青果果长和坚果果长无性系间表现出显著性差异外，其它指标均未表现出显著性差异；种仁富含脂肪（52．64％58．51％）、蛋白质（55．0765．50 mg·g －1）、可溶性糖（0．26％0．68％）和 K、Ca、Na、Mg、Ze、Mn、Fe 等矿质元素，种仁蛋白共检测出17种氨基酸，各氨基酸含量在无性系间差异极显著。[结论]基于山核桃营养成分特点，探讨了山核桃无性系选育利用方向，并综合筛选出大源4号、高岭8号和高岭4号3个优质果用无性系，徐坑89号高档食用油无性系及大源2号、大源4号2个高氨基酸无性系。%Objective]To study the nut fruit shape,the composition,the nutrient contents and their variation of Carya cathayensis clone.[Method]11 trait and nutrient indices of C.cathayensis nut fruit from trial forest were an-alyzed by the methods of variance analysis and multiple comparison based on the national standard of China.[Re-sult]The results showed that there was a significant difference in nut length between the fresh fruits and the nuts, and no significant difference was found in the rest indices of C.cathayensis.The kernels of C.cathayensis were rich in fats (52.64% -58.51%),proteins (55.07 -65.50 mg·g -1 ),soluble sugars (0.26% -0.68%)and min-eral elements such as K,Ca,Na,Mg,Zn,Mn,and Fe.17 kinds of amino acid were identified in the kernels of C.cathayensis.There were extremely significant differences in the contents of amino acids among the clones of C. cathayensis.[Conclusion]According to the characteristics of the nut nutrients of C.cathayensis,the directions of breeding and utilizing of C.cathayensis are suggested.Three clones are comprehensively selected as the clones of high yield and high quality;one clone is selected as the clone suitable for edible oil production;and two clones are selected as the clones with high contents of amino acids.