腾冲县天然林景观格局特征分析

摘要

Based on the survey of forest resources planning and design , use ArcMap 10, Fragstats 4.1, DPS 14.1, Excelland other software , select commonly used landscape indices , landscape pattern features of natural forest was analyzed , the results showed that:①Landscape pattern characteristics of natural for-est in Tengchong County was more complicated with high heterogeneity , complex shape , high degree of aggregation , a more balanced distribution of plaque;②Area ratio of each forest type was in descending order of oak forest>Other broadleaf forest>Yunnan pine>conifer>Alnus forest>hardwood forest>Bamboo>fir forest>soft broadleaf forest >Huashan pine>hemlock , forest area of oak forest and other broad-leaved accounted for 61.51%, was the main component of natural landscapes;forest area of Yun-nan pine , mixed conifer and Alnus accounted for 32.04%, was an important part of natural landscape;forest area of hardwood forest , bamboo forest, fir forest, softwood forest, Huashan pine, hemlock accoun-ted for only 6.45%, the area was mall , but played a special role in the natural landscape;③Factor a-nalysis results showed that comprehensive evaluation from the aspects of stability , complexity , high heter-ogeneity , low fragmentation , strong anti-interference ability and others , scores from high to low followed by oak forest >broadleaf forest >Yunnan pine >hardwood forest >mixed conifer >Alnus forest >Bamboo>fir forest>hemlock>Huashan pine>softwood forest;④Cluster analysis results showed that the natural forests could be divided into four categories , the first category was oak forest and other broad-leaved forest with a low degree of fragmentation , complex shape , high heterogeneity , strong anti-interfer-ence ability;the second category was Yunnan pine , mixed conifer and Alnus forest with high heterogene-ous, broken and complex shape , high anti-interference ability; the third category is hardwood forest , bamboo , hemlock and fir forests with the average distance between patches , high degree of polymeriza-tion, mass distribution;the fourth category was softwood forest and Huashan pine forest with high frag-mentation , simple shapes , low heterogeneity , weak anti-interference ability;⑤On the basis of factor a-nalysis , cluster analysis , reflects the characteristics of geometric mean nearest neighbor distance for hard-wood forest.Evaluation effectiveness of cluster analysis for Tengchong natural forest landscape pattern was better than those of factor analysis.%基于森林资源规划设计调查资料，利用ArcMap 10、Fragstats 4.1、DPS 14.1、Excel等软件，选取常用的景观指数，分析云南省腾冲县天然林的景观格局特征，结果表明：①腾冲县天然林景观总体异质性高、形状复杂、聚集程度高、斑块分布比较均衡，景观格局特征比较复杂；②各森林类型面积比例从大到小依次为栎类林＞其它阔叶林＞云南松林＞针阔混交林＞旱冬瓜林＞硬阔林＞竹林＞冷杉林＞软阔林＞华山松林＞铁杉林，栎类林、其它阔叶林面积占61.51％，是腾冲县天然林景观的主要组成部分，云南松林、针阔混交林、旱冬瓜林面积占32.04％，是腾冲县天然林景观的重要组成部分，硬阔林、竹林、冷杉林、软阔林、华山松林、铁杉林面积仅占6.45％，面积虽小，但在天然林景观中具有特殊的作用；③因子分析结果，从稳定、复杂、异质性高、破碎化低、抗干扰能力强等方面综合评价，按得分从高到低依次是栎类林＞其它阔叶林＞云南松林＞硬阔林＞针阔混交林＞旱冬瓜林＞竹林＞冷杉林＞铁杉林＞华山松林＞软阔林；④聚类分析结果，可把腾冲县天然林分为4类，第一类是破碎度低、形状复杂、异质性高、抗干扰能力强的栎类林和其它阔叶林，第二类是破碎度高但形状复杂、异质性高、抗干扰能力强的云南松林、针阔混交林和旱冬瓜林，第三类是斑块间平均距离远、聚合度高、呈群团状分布的硬阔林、竹林、铁杉林和冷杉林，第四类是破碎度高、形状简单、异质性低、抗干扰能力弱的华山松林和软阔林；⑤聚类分析结果在因子分析的基础上，体现了硬阔林平均几何最邻近距离远的特征，对腾冲县天然林景观格局的评价效果比因子分析更好。