20世纪80年代以来，精神活性物质在世界范围内日益蔓延，已成为各国公认的世界公害之一。如何精准地检测痕量甚至是超痕量的新型精神活性物质，如何检测存在于复杂基质中的新型精神活性物质，都是极大的挑战。本文对近年来的新型精神活性物质检测的文献进行了综述。首先讨论了气相色谱-质谱联用技术在新型精神活性物质检测中的应用，介绍与这种定性定量技术搭配使用的诸如中空纤维-液相微萃取、电化学增强固相微萃取等方法。液相色谱-质谱联用技术作为一种不可或缺的分析手段，具有高特异性、高速、高选择性等特点，可提供大量待检测精神活性物质的化学信息。此外，本文还综述了三重四级-飞行时间质谱技术、石墨印刷电极技术、酶联免疫法等新技术在精神活性物质检测中的应用进展，以供同行参考。最后提出，在今后一段时期，精神活性物质检测的工作重心应该放在标准物质的制备及检测方法的开发上。%In the past decades, an ever-increasing number of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) have appeared in the recreational drug market, and analytical toxicologists have to continuously adapt new screening methods to identify the latest NPSs. The daunting challenges are how to accurately monitor the state of NPSs and how to determine an enormous range of trace and ultra-trace analytes present in sample matrixes with complex or variable compositions. Here we present a critical overview of the analysis of some of the most commonly encountered and most dangerous substances. The rational method development, validation and transfer of robust gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and important factors impacting the incurred sample analysis are discussed. The mature technologies coupled with GC-MS used in most quantitative bioanalytical laboratories, such as hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), electrosorption-enhanced solid-phase microextraction (EE-SPME), are also covered. Liquid phase separation techniques coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), is also expounded in this paper. Due to its high specificity, speed and selectivity, LC-MS has long been deployed in NPSs detection to assess not only these continuously changing molecules but also their metabolites, and will probably surpass GC-MS as the leader of the so-called hyphenated techniques in the near future. Further challenges presented are to make sure that new methodologies and equipment comply with the principles of sustainable development, so in the third part, some new techniques, triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QQQ-TOF-MS), graphite screen-printed electrode (GSPE) and among others, are discussed as well. Finally, one of the key issues, highlighted from future perspective, is to narrow the time gap between the first appearance of an NPS and the availability of reference standards of parent drugs and metabolites. Otherwise, the identification of NPSs and/or their metabolites will remain preliminary.
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