指纹上覆盖着一排排的汗孔，分泌有特殊化学成分，诸如药物及其代谢物等，则反映着人体的生活习惯和代谢规律。在案件侦查和司法鉴定中，可以通过分析指纹中化学成分对指纹遗留者的过往行为进行刻画。指纹中化学成分的检测可以采用多种分析技术，主要包括红外光谱及红外光谱成像技术、拉曼光谱及拉曼成像技术、质谱技术、气相色谱法、液相色谱法以及色谱－质谱联用分析技术、免疫分析技术等，其中免疫分析技术是通过制备抗体并与纳米材料相结合，这种功能化的免疫材料显现含有特殊成分的指纹，在获得指纹形态的同时能分析指纹中化学成分，具有专属性好、灵敏度高、可视化等特点，有利于获得更多来源于指纹的个体信息。本文着重介绍了免疫技术在指纹中毒品、违禁药物，以及氨基酸成分的分析应用和进展。%ABATRACT: Pores abounds in finger skin’s ridge, through which sweat is excreted and deposited on the surface of the skin. Sometimes, sweat contains special substances including drug and its metabolites. These substances in fingerprints can reflect a possibility of an individual’s ingesting drugs. In recent years, the importance of analyzing some excreted and deposited compounds in fingerprints has drawn more attention because these compounds may provide more significant information of an individual and his/her past behavior. Determination of fingerprints’ residues is helpful for criminal investigation and evidence identification. Many techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, infrared spectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, Raman spectral imaging mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and immunological approach, have been widely used. Among these, the immunological approach can not only make latent fingerprints visualized but also deliver more accurate and sensitive biochemical information from fingerprints. In this article, the recent progress and application of immunological method for developing fingerprints are presented by focusing the determination on amino acid, ingested drug in fingerprints and aged latent fingerprints as well.
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