经济增长和减贫一直是发展中国家和地区制定发展战略所考虑的重点。改革开放初期，新疆通过经济增长极大地降低了农村贫困，经济增长的减贫效果显著；20世纪80年代中后期至2010年，由于经济增长的质量下降和收入不平等程度增加，减贫趋势变缓；2011年以后，随着援疆工作和民生工程的不断推进，高速的经济增长和对贫困人口有利的收入分配对减贫起到了良好的效果，经济增长出现了益贫性特征。纵观改革开放至今，新疆减贫成就的主要原因是经济持续的高速增长、人力资本的明显改善和政府采取的反贫困行动；而其减贫趋势放缓的原因是农村经济增长质量的下降和农村收入分配的不断恶化。为此，本文认为新时期扶贫工作中，新疆应实施益贫式增长战略。从生产领域着手，在增加就业的同时通过增加穷人的资产基础以提高穷人的自我发展能力，而政府在打造民生工程时应注重市场机制，以保持减贫的可持续性。%Economic growth and poverty reduction has been the key factor in formulating development strategy in developing coun-tries and regions.The beginning of reform and opening up,economic growth greatly reducing rural poverty in Xinjiang,the effect of economic growth to poverty reduction is significant.The effect of economic growth to poverty reduction is not ideal from the late 1980s to 2010 because of decline of the quality of economic growth and deterioration of income distribution;With the pairing as-sistance in Xinjiang and the people’s livelihood projects advancing since 2011, rapid economic growth and pro-poor income dis-tribution reduce poverty greatly.Throughout the reform and opening up to now, the main reason for poverty reduction achieve-ments Xinjiang sustained economic growth, significant improvement in human capital and the government’s anti-poverty action;and the reasons for their poverty reduction trend is slowing decline in the quality of growth of the rural economy and worsening in-come distribution in rural areas.Therefore, it put forward that during the new period, the government should implement pro-poor growth strategy, and maintain sustainable poverty reduction by increasing the asset base of the poor and employment from the pro-duction area and paying attention to market mechanism.
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