Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused great economic losses to the swine industry in the worldwide. The virus infection of the host target cells can be induced to apoptosis, host virus and antibody dependent enhancement phenomenon continues, the virus itself amino acids can form"decoy epitope", glycosylation sites in the GP5 protein can produce "polysaccharide shielding phenomenon"; PRRSV mutation, and the existence of a variety of genotype and phenotype type bring huge dififculty above all sorts of characteristics for prevention and treatment of the disease. At present, the domestication of virus, preparation of inactivated vaccine, vaccine and multivalent vaccine development, development of new adjuvants, construction of recombinant virus and the establishment of clear immunity method for the virus prevention and cleaning, but the potential risk of various methods exist. In order to avoid catastrophe live virus itself and pathogenicity, avoid exogenous vector immune interference, avoid the risk of biological safety of inactivated virus and low cellular immunity induced by recombinant virus, more researchers will use phage display random peptide library is an important antigen epitope of PRRS virus, in order to gain method which can be used immune prevention and detection and provide new clues to explore the small molecular peptides with good biological activity for the research and development of new vaccines, rapid diagnosis method research and pathogenic mechanism.%猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒(PRRSV)已给世界养猪业带来巨大的经济损失。该病毒感染宿主后可诱发靶细胞凋亡，使宿主出现持续带毒和抗体依赖性增强的现象，病毒自身氨基酸可构成“诱骗表位”，其G P5结构蛋白的糖基化位点可产生“多糖屏蔽现象”；PRRSV容易突变，并存在多种基因型和表现型，以上各种特征为该疾病的防治带来巨大的困难。目前，多采用驯化病毒、制备灭活疫苗、研制载体疫苗和多价疫苗、开发新型佐剂、构建重组病毒及建立清除性免疫等方法用于该病毒防控与净化，但各种方法均存在潜在风险。为避免活病毒自身的突变性和致病性、外源载体的免疫干扰性、灭活病毒低细胞免疫诱导性以及重组病毒的生物安全风险性，研究者逐渐有意借助噬菌体随机肽库对PRRS病毒进行重要抗原表位的筛选，以获得可用于免疫防治以及检测方法研究，并具有较好生物活性的小分子短肽，为新型疫苗的研发、快速诊断方法的研究以及致病机理的探寻提供新的线索。
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