Objective To analyse the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic isolates from patients in the department of hematology, and guide the clinical rational use of antimicrobial agents. Methods Retrospective study was conducted to analyse the distribution of 199 isolated pathogens form the department of hematology during 2014, and the drug resistance was analyzed for pathogenic strains. Results A total of 199 pathogens were mainly isolated from blood (33.1%), sputum/throat swab (32.4%) and secretion specimens (11.0%); the top 10 isolates were mainly gram negative bacterias (36.7%), Candida were also common (14%). The resistant rates of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin, tetracycline, clindamycin and erythromycin was higher than 50%,while those of vancomycin,quinupristin/dafoe putin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid, moxifloxacin were all sensitive;the resistant rates of Entero-coccus faecium to penicillin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin was 100%. The sensitivity rates of enterobacteriaceae to Piperacillin/tazobactam, Amikacin, carbapenems were good, as well as the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions The infections in department of hematology were mainly from blood, sputum next; main pathogens were gram negative bacteria. So a clinical em-pirical treatment firstly used according to the bacterial epidemiology, then reasonable adjustment of antibiotics according to the an-timicrobial susceptibility test, for reducing the appearance of resistant bacterias.%目的：分析血液科患者分离病原菌的分布情况及耐药性，为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法回顾分析我院2014年血液科住院患者分离的199株病原菌的分布情况，并对其中的主要革兰阳性菌和主要革兰阴性菌进行耐药性分析。结果199株病原菌主要来源于血液、痰/咽拭子、分泌物分别占33.1%、32.4%和11.0%；分离的前10种菌株以革兰阴性菌为主，占36.7%；念珠菌也较常见(14.0%)。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、四环素、克林霉素和红霉素的耐药率高于50％，而对万古霉素、奎奴普丁/达福普丁、呋喃妥因、利奈唑胺、莫西沙星等全部敏感；屎肠球菌对青霉素、莫西沙星、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星耐药率为100%；肠杆菌科细菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星、碳青霉烯类药物敏感性较好；铜绿假单胞菌的药物敏感性也较好。结论血液科感染主要来源于血液，呼吸道次之；以革兰阴性杆菌为主。临床治疗中可先根据病区细菌流行病学特点经验性用药，再依据细菌药物敏感性试验合理调整抗生素，减少耐药菌产生。
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