回顾了难熔金属五大高温防护涂层体系的发展现状，即生成保护性氧化膜的金属间化合物涂层、贵金属涂层、生成保护性氧化膜的合金涂层、惰性氧化物陶瓷涂层以及玻璃陶瓷基复合涂层，总结了这些涂层的高温防护机理、制备方法以及失效机制。基于单一的传统高温防护涂层体系已经难以满足新一代高比冲姿、轨控火箭发动机以及高超声速飞行器热端部件对高温防护涂层提出的抗超高温氧化性能、优良的抗热震性能、良好的抗热冲刷（烧蚀）性能以及长服役寿命等性能需求的现状，简要介绍了过渡族金属的硼化物、碳化物等几种潜在的新型高温防护涂层材料体系，以及相应的涂层制备方法，这些新型涂层体系的发展有望满足现代宇航工业难熔金属热端部件的高温防护需求。%ABSTRACT:The development status of the five high temperature protection coating systems of refractory metals was reviewed, including intermetallic coatings generating protective oxidation films, noble metal coatings, alloy coatings generating protective oxidation films, inert oxide ceramic coatings and glass-ceramic based composite coatings. In this paper, their high-temperature protection mechanisms, preparation methods and failure mechanisms were reviewed. The traditional single high temperature protection coating systems have difficulty in meeting the performance requirements raised by new-generation orbit and attitude control rocket engines and hypersonic vehicles, such as oxidation resistance at ultra-high temperature, excellent resistance to thermal shock, good resistance to thermal erosion (ablation) and long service life. Based on this situation, some emerging and promising coating systems for ultra-high temperature protection as well as the corresponding coating preparation methods were proposed, such as transition metals like borides and carbides. The development of the ultra-high temperature protection coatings will give a great push to the development of modern aerospace industries.
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