变电站常用金属的大气腐蚀行为及其防护

摘要

This paper reviewed the types of atmospheric corrosion of common metals used in transformer substations and current status of researches on these corrosions. As to stainless steel, aluminum and aluminum alloy, Cl-in marine atmosphere would lead to crack of passivation coating and pitting would occur when Cl- concentration passes the critical concentration [Cl-]pit. As to copper and copper alloy, the corrosion effect of SO2 is obvious. As to zinc and zinc alloy, Cl- enhances the electrical conductivity of surface liquid film, thus aggravating the corrosion. In conclusion, high wetting time and high Cl- concentration are main causes for atmospheric corrosion of coastal transformer substation.%综述了变电站常用金属的腐蚀类型及研究现状.对于不锈钢、铝及铝合金,海洋大气中的Cl-引起钝化膜破裂,当其浓度超过临界浓度[Cl-]pit,发生点蚀.对于铜及铜合金,工业大气中的SO2腐蚀作用极为明显.对于锌及锌合金,Cl-增强表面薄液膜的导电性从而加剧其腐蚀.因此,高润湿时间和高Cl-是滨海变电站大气腐蚀的主要原因.