铁氧化细菌属于化能无机营养型，常见的有嘉氏铁细菌属，氧化亚铁硫杆菌。氧化亚铁以及各种还原性硫化物为铁氧化菌提供生命活动能量。其主要碳源是二氧化碳，氮源为NH4＋。由于氧化亚铁硫杆菌在矿物的附着选择在硫化物相，这些点位的化学键弱，能量易被细菌利用，根据文献发现铁氧化菌的作用机理为直接和间接机理的复合作用。一般来说在水土环境中主要受pH，温度等的影响。目前主要用于城市用水净化、含有重金属离子的各种废水处理及脱硫中，并且已经取得良好的处理效果。%Iron-oxidizing bacteria distributed in the biosphere widely with common species of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Gallionella. Iron-oxidizing depend on oxidizing the ferrous, all kinds of hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen to gain energy for life activities. Carbon source is carbon dioxide and nitrogen source is NH4＋. The nutrition type is chemoautotrophy, generally in soil and water environment. They are affected by temperature, pH, mainly by iron ion concentration of oxygen, etc. At present time, it is mainly utilized for urban water purification, heavy metal ion containing wastewater treatment and desulfurization and preferable effects have been achieved.
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