海洋石油污染的微生物降解过程及生态修复技术展望

摘要

海洋石油污染物的微生物降解是一个复杂的过程。受石油组分与物理化学性质、环境条件以及微生物群落组成等多方面因素的影响,氮和磷营养的缺乏是海洋石油污染物生物降解的主要限制因子。文章阐述了石油烃类的微生物代谢途径、影响因素、常规的生物修复技术以及两种海洋专性解烃菌降解石油的协同效应和极地海洋石油污染的生物降解过程和方式,对未来海洋石油污染控制进行了展望。%Microbial degradation of marine oil pollution is a complex process,which is affected by oil component,physical and chemical properties,environmental conditions,microbial community composition and many other factors.The lack of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in marine oil pollution is a major limit for biodegradation.This essay describes the microbial metabolic pathway of petroleum hydrocarbons,influencing factors,conventional bioremediation techniques and two marine bacteria specifically degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon solution of the synergy and polar marine biodegradation of oil pollution.