基于空间分析的区域地质灾害点的分布特征研究--以新疆为例

摘要

The distribution of geological disasters in the space is one of the hot issues in the field of disaster. From geological hazard rules,the spatial data analysis method is used to study the spatial distribution of disaster point that can accurately reveal the profound morphological characteristics.The paper analyzes the effects of spatial data aggregation-discrete degree from different angles by qualitative and quantitative methods of standard deviation ellipse,Ripley’s K function and kernel density,taking landslide,debris flow and landslide of Xinjiang as the cases.The experimental results show that Xinjiang disaster presents the spatial distribution of “Southwest northeast scattered,northwest southeast aggregated”;the characteristic spatial scale of Xinjiang landslide,debris flow and collapse are 176 km,72 km and 71 km.The characteristics of spatial scale can provide the basis for disaster prone division.The geological disasters in different scale effect the different spatial distribution.%地质灾害点的空间分布是灾害领域研究的热点问题之一。从地质灾害点自身的规律出发,通过空间数据分析的方法来研究灾害点的空间分布可以准确、深刻的揭示其空间分布的形态特征。以新疆滑坡、泥石流和崩塌灾害点为例,引入标准差椭圆、Ripley’s K函数、核密度分析等空间数据分析方法,从不同角度对其空间聚集-离散的分布特征进行定性和定量的分析,实验结果表明：新疆灾害点呈现出“西南—东北分散,西北—东南聚集”的空间分布格局；滑坡、泥石流及崩塌的特征空间尺度依次为176 km、72 km和71 km,特征空间尺度可为灾害多发地段的划分提供依据；不同规模的地质灾害在空间中的影响分布不同。