天线相位中心改正对GPS精密单点定位的影响

摘要

GPS卫星与接收机由于自身特性以及机械加工等原因,导致其质量中心与相位中心不重合而产生相位中心误差,进而对GPS精密单点定位产生一定影响.介绍GPS天线相位中心偏移(PCO)、变化(PCV)的原理,并分析PCO、PCV,以及不同模型改正对GPS精密单点定位的影响.结果表明,在GPS精密单点定位中,天线相位中心改正不容忽略:在平面方向上,天线相位中心改正对定位影响较小,仅为毫米级;在高程方向上,天线相位中心改正对定位影响较大,可达厘米级;与相对中心改正模型相比,绝对相位中心改正模型精度更高.%Due to the characteristics and mechanical processing,the GPS satellites and receiver' centers of mass cannot coincide with their phase centers,w hich produces a bad influence on GPS precise point positioning.This paper introduces the principle of GPS antenna phase center offset(PCO)and variation (PCV)and analyzes the influence of PCO and PCV and different correction models on GPS precise point positioning.Result shows that the antenna phase center correction cannot be ignored in precise point positioning:in horizontal,it brings little errors,only several mm;in elevation,it brings some errors;in some cm;compared with the relative center correction model,the absolute phase center correction can improve the precise of positioning.