挤出加工工艺对PC／ABS合金力学性能的影响

摘要

采用熔融共混法制备了聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)合金，研究了螺杆组合、螺杆转速、挤出温度等对PC/ABS合金材料力学性能的影响。并采用扫描电子显微镜观察了不同螺杆组合下合金材料的微观形貌。结果表明，在螺杆均化段中减少输送元件，适量增加剪切元件，可起到促进物料均化，减少ABS分散相尺寸的作用，从而提高了合金材料的力学性能，尤其大幅提高了断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度；螺杆转速对合金材料的力学性能几乎没有影响；挤出温度设定过低或过高均会降低合金材料的力学性能，对于ABS质量分数为30%的合金材料，挤出温度最高设置在250℃，可使其获得较好的力学性能。%PC/ABS alloy was prepared by melt blending and the effects of extrusion processing technology including screw combination,screw rotation speed and extrusion temperature on the mechanical properties of the alloy were studied. The micro morphology of the alloy with different screw combination was obversed by SEM. The results show that reducing the amount of conveying elements and adding the amount of shear elements properly in homogenizing zone of screw can promote the homogenization of the alloy materials and decrease the size of dispersed phase ABS,which increases the mechanical properties of the alloy,especially elongation at break and notched impact strength. The screw rotation speed has little effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy. The extrusion temperature is too low or too high will decrease the mechanical properties of the alloy,for the alloy with the mass fraction of ABS being 30%,the extrusion temperature is set to 250℃can increase its mechanical properties.