计及热辐射的电动汽车电池包散热与改进研究

摘要

为研究计入外部环境热辐射因素后, 电池包的布置位置对整车气动阻力和其自身散热的影响, 计及高温时地面辐射和太阳辐射, 采用可实现k-ε湍流模型进行了CFD数值模拟, 通过实车道路实验验证仿真方案的准确性.在此基础上, 对电池包前置、中置和后置的整车气动阻力进行了对比分析, 以整车气动阻力最小的前置式电动汽车为研究对象, 通过电池包高温工况下的温度场数值分析, 提出了该布置下的电池包散热改进方案.结果表明, 前置式电池包改进后, 单体电池表面最高温度降幅为14.5℃, 表面最低温度降幅为11.5℃, 抑制了温差过大, 降低了局部高温, 提高了电池包的散热性能.%In order to study the influence of the battery pack arrangement on the vehicle aerodynamic drag and its own heat dissipation when the environment thermal radiation is considered, the CFD numerical simulation is carried out by using the Realizable k-εturbulence model with high temperature ground radiation and solar radiation considered, the simulation scheme is verified through the real vehicle road test.On this basis, the vehicle aerodynamic drags of front, center and rear battery pack arrangement are compared.The electric car with front-arranged battery pack has smallest vehicle aerodynamic drag, the numerical analysis of the temperature distribution of the battery pack under high temperature is carried out, and the heat dissipation improvement scheme for this battery pack arrangement is proposed.The results show that the highest surface temperature of the batteries of the improved front-arranged battery pack decreases by 14.5℃, the lowest decreases by 11.5℃.It suppresses the big temperature difference, reduces the local high temperature, and improves the heat dissipation of the battery pack.