现象学视域下美国中小学校运作体制研究——以密歇根州牛津学区的“牛津社区学校”为例

摘要

教育实践活动是一种融入了多方面现实需求，多因素的现实条件和有着不同个体和社会心理的主体参与的，基于一定“场”的活动。对现实教育实践的研究需要研究者的在“场”，对国外教育实践活动的研究更需如此，因为多了自身和他者文化因素的阻隔。比较教育研究中常见的问题是研究者对所研究对象“场”的缺乏，而仅依据对文献资料的解读无法较客观地把握真实情景中的教育事实。现象学研究方法中主张的悬置已有观念、直面与再现现实生活，还原事实本身、体察“场”中角色的境遇等做法无疑能更有效地形成对事实更客观和完整的把握。%The practical activity of education is such kind of activity that contains many actual needs, multi-element conditions, different individuals and social psychology of the participants, further more, the activity is based on certain ＂field＂. It is a necessity for the researchers that focus on the study of practical activity of education to be in the ＂field＂, especially when the study is on foreign educational practice because of the obstruction between the culture of itself and the other country. The common problems in comparative education research resulted from the lack of the ＂field＂ of the object of the researchers, in fact, only relying on literatures＂ research is not enough to get to know the nature of the objects exactly. The research methods of phenomenology, which emphasize on laying the researches＂ idea aside, facing directly to the real life, reverting the object and experiencing the feeling of subjects in the ＂field＂, could be more beneficial for the researchers to master the truth more objectively and completely.