信息技术的分配效应——论'互联网+'对劳动收入份额的影响

摘要

现有文献大多关注信息技术的"增长效应",但对其"分配效应"没有进行深入的探讨,尤其是没有研究信息技术如何影响企业初次分配中资本和劳动两种要素的收入份额.本文使用中国工业企业数据库2004—2007年的微观数据,分析企业使用信息技术对要素收入分配格局的影响.本文研究发现,使用信息技术的企业其劳动收入份额更高,并且这一结论对于不同的变量、样本和模型设定都十分稳健.信息技术的分配效应也存在异质性,在内资企业、内销企业、东部地区的企业表现更加明显.对影响机制的讨论表明,使用信息技术在提高企业增加值的同时,更大幅度地提高了平均劳动报酬,从而导致初次分配更加偏向劳动.本文不仅填补了相关领域的空白,而且具有明显的政策含义.%The "growth effect" of information communication technology (ICT) is widely discussed, while its "distributional effect" deserves more studies.Using firm-level data from Chinese Industrial Enter-prises Database, this paper studies how ICT impacts income distribution between two kinds of production factors:labor and capital.We find that firms with websites have higher labor income share, which is ro-bust to different indicators, alternative samples, and various specifications.The effects of ICT on factor in-come distribution show heterogeneity across ownerships, export status, regions and between light and heavy industries.We also explore the mechanism behind the correlation between ICT and labor income share and find that ICT increases average compensation more than value added per worker, leading to higher labor income share.This paper not only makes up a deficiency in this field, but has important policy implications as well.