Terpenoids widely exist in higher plants as volatile oil, especially in Compositae family. They have the largest variety of plant secondary metabolization products and are classified into monoterpene, diterpene, sesquiterpene, triterpene and polyterpene according to their structures. Terpenoids are one of the main types of allelochemicals, of which monoterpene and sesquiterpene have stronger bioactivities. The synthesized terpenids are mainly released from plants into soil through volatilization or root exudation and disturb the growth and development of neighboring plants and selfish. Currently, the allelopathy on terpenoids had received increased attention in plant ecology field in China and abroad. This paper made a systematic discussion on the distribution of trpenoids, accumulation characteristic, releasing pathways in plants and its impact factors, etc. And it analyzed the allelopathic mechanism of trpenoids and summarized the research progress in this area in recent years. The paper considered that the trpenoids played a special role on allelopathic activity and exhibited a stronger inhibitory even though the concentration was lower. The complicated allelopathy of terpenoids may be due to their wide varieties. Moreover, many factors all influenced the releasing of terpenoids. Finally, the paper pointed out some key problems in current researches and also made a prospect for the research trends in the future on the allelopathy of terpenoids. It is suggested that further study should be focused on the collecting method of terpenoid allelochemicals and the influences of transformed medium such as soil or air on allelopathic activity. In addition, it is effective and feasible to study allelopathic mechanism of terpenoids through the solution of discipline-crossing.%萜类物质主要以挥发油的形式广泛存在于高等植物中,尤以菊科植物含量丰富.萜类是天然物质中种类最多的一类,按结构可分为单萜、双萜、倍半萜、三萜及多萜等,是第二大类化感物质,尤其是单萜和倍半萜化感活性很强.萜类化感物质合成后大多通过植物体挥发或根系分泌等途径进入土壤,从而影响自身及邻近植物的生长.植物体中萜类物质化感作用已成为近年来国内外研究的热点.文章从萜类物质在植物中的分布、积累特点、释放途径及影响因素等方面进行了系统论述,分析了萜类对植物化感作用的机理及特点,总结了近年来该领域所取得的研究成果.文章认为萜类物质具有独特的化感活性,往往在较低的浓度即能表现出很强的抑制作用,影响其释放的内外因素较多,而且因其种类繁多化感作用机制也较复杂.最后指出了萜类物质化感作用研究中存在的关键问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,希望研究者能进一步创新萜类化感物质的收集方法,关注土壤及空气等媒介对萜类物质化感活性的影响,采用多学科交叉的手段深入探索萜类物质的化感机理.
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