不同更新方式对兴安落叶松林火烧迹地物种组成及多样性的影响

摘要

以内蒙古大兴安岭兴安落叶松林火烧迹地为研究对象,采用分层取样的方法对群落中植被进行了调查,分析比较了不同更新方式下兴安落叶松林群落恢复过程中物种组成及多样性的差异,了解该群落受森林火灾干扰的影响程度,为大兴安岭地区森林生态系统恢复策略的制定提供科学依据.结果表明:不同更新方式下的群落各层多个 α 多样性指数总表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层的趋势.3种不同更新方式下,兴安落叶松林重度火烧迹地目标树种兴安落叶松的更新速度表现为天然更新>人工促进更新>人工更新.不同更新方式下火烧迹地群落恢复10年后,灌木层物种数和优势度较对照样地均有所增加,火烧迹地草本和灌木层Simpson和Shannon-Wiener指数均呈现出人工促进更新>人工更新>天然更新的趋势.综合考虑,认为人工促进更新方式比较适合火烧后兴安落叶松林植被群落的演替与恢复.%In this study, larix gmelinii forest burned areas were experienced in different regenerate modes. The natural regeneration conditions, community structure characteristics, species composition, community biodiversity were observed and researched in 2013. To study the difference of biodiversity and species composition in the process of restoration of Larix gmelinii forest communities under different regeneration modes, to understand the in fluence degree of forest fire disturbance so that we can develop appropriate restoration strategies for the rapid restoration of forest ecosystem in Daxing'an Mountains after forest fire. The results showed that: The alpha diversity index of community each layer in different regenerate modes showed a ranking of herb layer>shrub layer>tree layer. The update status of the target tree species of Larix gmeliniishowed a ranking of 2003S-A>2003S-M>2003S-N.After ten years, the species of shrub layer and advantage degree in different regenerate modes of forest burned areas were increased compare with unburned area. The simpson and shannon-wiener index in both herb and shrub layers showed a ranking of 2003S-M>2003S-A>2003S-N. We take all the indicators into account,that the artificially stimulating natural regeneration is more suitable for succession and restoration of vegetation communities in Larix gmelinii forest after fire.