塔里木盆地塔中地区鹰山组碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地震正演模拟研究

摘要

On the basis of seismic,logging and drilling data,we analyzed the carbonate reservoir and the seismic facies characteristics,and built a typical geological modeling of the Yingshan Formation in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin.In addition,we also built a system forward modeling for cave reservoir,fracture reservoir and fractural-cave reservoir.Our results indicate that the seismic facies characteristics of the carbonate reservoirs in the study area can be divided into three types including a string of heads type of strong reflection,flake type of strong reflection and disordered type of weak reflection;as the cave size increasing,the seismic trace of the abnormal wave obviously increased,and the reflection energy also enhanced;when the caves arranged along a certain direction,the reflection wave of the caves also present certain regularity;the transverse fractures have strongest reflection energy and vertical fractures have weakest reflection energy;the tilt direction of seismic event is the same as the direction of the fracture if the fracture angle is high,but is opposite to the fracture if the fracture angle is low;the seismic reflection characteristic of the fracture-cave reservoir is similar to that of the cave reservoir;the corresponding relationships between seismic facies and reservoir types are obvious.%以塔里木盆地塔中地区鹰山组碳酸盐岩储层为研究对象,综合应用测井、地震等资料,总结了碳酸盐岩储层的地震相特征,建立了典型的基于井震标定的地质模型,并针对溶洞型、裂缝型及缝洞型储层进行了系统的正演模拟.研究结果表明:研究区碳酸盐岩储层分为“串珠状强反射”、“片状强反射”、“杂乱状弱反射”地震相特征;随着溶洞规模的增大,异常反射波所占的道数明显增多,反射能量增强;当溶洞沿某一方向规则排列时,地震反射异常沿溶洞的排列方向呈现规律变化的异常响应;水平裂缝地震异常反射能量最强,纵向裂缝地震异常反射能量最弱;低角度裂缝地震异常反射同相轴倾斜方向与裂缝倾斜角度相反;高角度裂缝地震异常反射同相轴倾斜方向与裂缝倾斜角度相同;裂缝与溶洞复合时,地震异常反射特征与溶洞型储层反射特征相似;不同类型地震相与正演模拟储层类型的对应关系明显.