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石油与天然气地质

石油与天然气地质

北大核心

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Oil & Gas Geology
本刊是一份刊载我国石油勘探、科研最新成果，反映我国石油地质研究水平的学术性刊物，大16开本，双月刊。自1980年创刊以来，一直坚持"百花齐放、百家争鸣"的办刊方针，以学术水平和学术导向作为期刊的特色。《石油与天然气地质》为我国中文自然科学核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源期刊、中国科学引文数据库期刊，并被相关院校、科研机构、企业及管理部门认定为学位、职称和评奖的重要的标志性期刊。本刊已被美国化学文摘（CA）、美国石油文摘（PA）、美国地质文献库(GeoRef)、美国地质学题录与索引《BIG》、俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、日本《科学技术速报》、《中国石油文摘》、《中国地质文摘》等20家权威数据库和文摘刊物收录。1997年获全国优秀期刊，2001年获得中国期刊方阵"双效期刊"称号，多次获得湖北省优秀期刊，2001年获中国石化集团公司优秀期刊一等奖。根据中国科学技术信息研究所2003年12月发布的《2003年版中国科技期刊引证报告》，《石油与天然气地质》2002年的影响因子达0.519，在所统计的1534种科技期刊中排位218，比2001年上升了126位，总被引频次达424。
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  • 发文量：2617
  • 被引量：4093
  • H指数：3
  • 开始收录时间：-
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  • 维普期刊影响因子： 4.83
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  • 国内刊号/CN：11-4820/TE
    国际刊号/ISSN：0253-9985
  • 发行周期：双月刊
    邮发代号：82-287
  • 主管单位：中国石油化工集团公司
    主办单位：中国石油化工股份公司石油勘探开发研究院；中国地质学会石油地质专业委员会
石油与天然气地质-联系信息
  • 主编：何治亮
  • 电话：010-82312320 82312154 82312164
  • 邮箱：ogg.syky@sinopec.com
  • 地址：北京市海淀区学院路31号
  • 邮编：100083
石油与天然气地质-获奖情况
  • • 卓越计划期刊
  • • 1995-2001年连续三届获湖北省优秀期刊奖
  • • 1996年获全国优秀科技期刊三等奖
  • • 1999年被评为湖北省"五十佳"重点创建期刊
  • • 2001-2012年连续四届获中国石油化工集团公司科技期刊评比一等奖
  • • 2004年荣获第四届"百种中国杰出学术期刊"称号
  • • 2005年被评为中国"第三届国家期刊奖百种重点期刊"
  • • 2008-2017年连续四届被评为"中国精品科技期刊"
  • • 2012-2018年连续七届被评为"中国国际影响力优秀学术期刊"
  • • 2015年获"第八届全国石油和化工行业优秀报刊评选一奖"
  • • 2015-2018 被评为"RCCSE中国权威学术期刊"
  • • 2016被评为 "第七届全国石油和化工行业优秀报刊"
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石油与天然气地质 >2023年第5期

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  • 摘要：塔南凹陷是海拉尔-塔木察格盆地最重要的油气勘探地区之一。利用岩心、测井和三维地震等资料，对塔南凹陷南屯组一段层序地层格架和沉积体系特征进行了深入研究。结果表明，南屯组一段顶、底及内部可以识别出3个不整合面和2个湖泛面，最终将其划分为3个三级层序。进而在等时地层格架的基础上，对沉积相类型和沉积体系展布特征进行了分析，确定南屯组一段主要发育扇三角洲、湖底扇和湖泊3种沉积体系。南屯组一段中、下部沉积时期，受盆地被动裂谷期“泛盆”沉积特征震荡式沉降影响，研究区主要发育西部缓坡物源控制下的扇三角洲沉积体系；南屯组一段上部沉积时期，受盆地主动裂谷期快速沉降影响，研究区主要发育湖泊沉积体系，此时盆内部次级控陷断层受北西-南东向拉张发生翘倾形成大规模反向正断层。源-储互层组合高效排烃特征、扇三角洲前缘高孔-高渗分流河道砂体和断层翘倾形成上升盘构造高部位共同决定西部次凹中洼槽反向断层下盘为油气富集主要部位。%Tanan Depression is one of the most important oil and gas exploration areas in Hailaer-Talmud Zagat Basin . Various data including cores ,logs and 3 D seismic data were integrated to study in detail the sequence stratigraphic frame-work and sedimentary system characteristics of K1n1(the 1st member of Nantun Fm)in Tanan Sag,Haita Basin.Three un-conformites and two lake flooding surfaces were identified in K 1 n1 ,according to which K 1 n1 was divided into three third-order sequences .The types of sedimentary facies and distribution characteristics of sedimentary system were analyzed on the basis of isochronous stratigraphic framework .Three sedimentary systems namely fan delta ,sublacustrine fan and lake were identified in the K 1 n1 .Fan delta sedimentary system under the control of provenance on the western gentle slope dominated in the study area during the deposition of the middle-lower part of K 1 n1 due to the influences of oscillatory sub-sidence of“flood basin”during passive rifting .In contrast ,lake deposition system was predominant in the study area dur-ing the deposition of the upper part of K 1 n1 due to the rapid subsidence in the process of active rifting .At the same time, the secondary depression-controlling faults experienced NW-SE extension and tilted , forming large-scale reverse normal faults.Efficient hydrocarbon expulsion characteristics of interbeded source rock and reservoir combination ,high porosity and permeability of distributary channel sands of fan delta front facies and structural high in the upthrown block of fault jointly determined the footwall of antithetic fault in the western subsag to be the main location of oil accumulation .
  • 摘要：为进一步清晰地认识三角洲的沉积特征及砂体发育规律，利用水槽实验对三角洲的发育过程进行了物理模拟，追踪了河口坝、分流河道和滑动-滑塌砂体的沉积过程与沉积特征。通过观察与分析，认为三角洲生长是多次侵蚀与沉积交替的结果，其中洪水期侵蚀作用小于沉积作用，表现为“填低补平”；枯水期侵蚀作用大于沉积作用，表现为“削高填低”。河口坝的发育从水下浅滩开始，按照向前-垂向-向后-横向的顺序进行生长，并且存在单个河口坝的多级分流与多列河口坝的同时分流两种分流方式。三角洲平原河道演变包括河流改道与分流两种方式，分别与洪水和河口坝有关。洪水事件可以作为三角洲前缘滑动-滑塌沉积的触发因素。三角洲是河流搬运、卸载与蓄水体接受、改造沉积物动态变化过程中的产物，在此过程中形成沉积坡折带，它是优质储层发育的有利场所。%In order to fully understand the sedimentary characteristics of deltaic deposits and the development patterns of associated sand bodies ,this paper presents a physical simulation of delta development through flume experiment and intro -duces the experiment results in respects of sedimentary process and characteristics of distributary channels ,mouth bars,and slide-slump deposits .The experiment reveals that the development of delta is an alternating process of deposition and ero -sion.Deposition is dominant in flood season when distributary channels carry a heavy sediment load ,while erosion is domi-nant in non-flood season .The growth of mouth bars initiates from an underwater shoal in an order of forward ,upward ,back-ward and transverse .In addition,there are two modes of bifurcation ,i.e.multi-stage bifurcation by one mouth bar and sim-ultaneous bifurcation by multiple mouth bars .The channels on a deltaic plain may evolve in two modes ,i.e.redirection and diversion ,which are related with flood and mouth bar respectively .Flood events could be the trigger of delta front slide-slump deposits .Deltas are formed in the process of sediment transportation and sedimentation determined by the interaction of alluvial and basinal dynamics .In this process ,sedimentary slope break is formed ,which is favorable for the development of high quality reservoirs .
  • 摘要：On the basis of fine seismic interpretation ,various methods including fault throw method ,fault activity intensity method,balanced cross-section technique and physical simulation are adopted in this paper to analyze the Cenozoic tec -tonic characteristics and evolution process as well as the forming mechanism of structures .The results show that the north-central part of Jizhong Depression was dominated by extensional structures in the Cenozoic ,with strike-slip structure style also occurring .In Baxian Sag ,tilting and sliding fault terrace structural styles were predominant .While Raoyang Sag was dominated by anticline structural style except for its northernmost part where strike-slip structure style was common .The extensional intensity shows large diversity in different periods in both Baxian Sag and Raoyang Sag ,strictly controlled by the activity of boundary faults .Raoyang Sag was controlled by Liulu ,Hejian,and Maxi faults from south to north .The ex-tension of sag as characterized by transition from “south being larger than central-north” in Ek-Es4 to “central-north being larger than south” in Es3 -Ed.Baxian Sag was controlled by the diversity of Niudong fault activity along strike ,fea-turing in the tectonic evolution of “strong early stage but weak middle and late stages” in south,“weak early stage strong middle stage and weak late stage”in the central ,and “weak early stage but strong middle and late stages” in north .The physics simulation experiment validates the fault development process of research area .The experiment result has strong similarity with the development characteristics of the faults ,demonstrating the correctness of tectonic geometry and kine-matics characteristic analysis .On the basis of above research ,the tectonic evolution process of Raoyang Sag and Baxian Sag is divided into three stages ,namely weak early stage ,strong middle stage ,and fair late stage .Finally,the mechanism and deep background of tectonic formation and evolution are discussed .%在精细地震解释的基础上，采用断层落差法、断层活动强度法、平衡剖面技术和构造物理模拟实验等技术手段，确定了研究区的构造发育特征与构造形成演化过程，并讨论了构造形成机制。结果表明，冀中坳陷中北部在新生代伸展过程中以伸展构造样式为主，兼有走滑构造样式。其中，霸县凹陷以翘倾和滑动断阶构造样式为主，饶阳凹陷背斜构造样式占优，其最北部以走滑构造样式为主。受控于控凹断层的活动性，霸县凹陷和饶阳凹陷不同沉积时期，伸展强度具有较大差异性。饶阳凹陷自南向北受控于留路、河间和马西断层，凹陷的伸展量具有早期（ Ek-Es4）“南部大于中北部”，向中、晚期（ Es3-Ed）逐渐过渡为“中北部大于南部”的特征。霸县凹陷受控于牛东断层沿走向活动性差异，具有南段“早期强-中晚期弱”、中段“早期弱-中期强-晚期较弱”和北段“早期弱-中晚期强”的构造演化过程。利用构造物理模拟实验验证研究区断层发育过程，实验结果与断层发育特征具有很强的相似性，说明构造几何学和运动学特征分析的正确性。基于以上研究，将饶阳凹陷和霸县凹陷的构造演化过程划分为断陷弱早期、断陷强中期和断陷较强晚期3个阶段，并探讨了研究区构造发育演化的形成机制和深部背景。
  • 摘要：The deterministic inversion technology and the post-stack geo-statistics inversion technology have been widely adopted in prediction of tight clastic reservoirs .However,they are not very effective in prediction of thin reservoirs with complex lithologic structure and wave impedance .The combination of the simultaneous inversion technology and the pre-stack geo-statistics inversion technology is effectively applied in the quantitative prediction of such reservoirs .The appli-cation of these technologies can not only improve the vertical and horizontal resolution but also can recognize effective re -servoirs even when the impedances of surrounding rocks and reservoirs are overlapped .Although the pre-stack simulta-neous inversion technology can extract P-wave impedance,S-wave impedance,vP/vS and density,and can recognize reser-voirs with complex impedance ,it has limited vertical resolution due to the limitation of frequency band .Stochastic mode-ling-based pre-stack geo-statistics inversion technology can effectively integrate geological ,logging and 3D seismic data , greatly improve both vertical and lateral resolutions ,thus can realize fine description of reservoirs .Based on deterministic pre-stack inversion ,this technology can effectively identify thin reservoirs and thin interbedded reservoirs .It has been successfully applied to the prediction of reservoirs in the 4th Member of Xujiahe Fm in Xinchang gas field of western Si-chuan Basin , a continental tight clastic gas field .%地震确定性反演、叠后地质统计学反演是目前致密碎屑岩气藏普遍采用的储层预测技术，但针对复杂岩性结构和复杂波阻抗特征的薄储层，这些反演方法的适应性有限。叠前同时反演与地质统计学反演技术的结合是此类储层量化预测的有效方法，不仅可提高纵、横向分辨率，还可解决储层与围岩波阻抗叠置情况下有效储层的识别问题。叠前同时反演技术可以得到纵波阻抗体、横波阻抗体、纵横波速度比体和密度体，能够解决复杂波阻抗储层的识别问题，但反演受地震频带限制，纵向分辨率有限。基于随机建模技术的叠前地质统计学反演方法，能有效地综合地质、测井和三维地震数据，极大地提高预测结果的纵、横向分辨率，实现储层的精细描述，在叠前确定性反演的基础上可以更好地识别薄层及薄互层储层，为陆相致密碎屑岩气藏储层描述提供了重要技术支撑，在川西新场须四气藏储层预测应用效果明显。
  • 摘要：苏北盆地张家垛油田阜宁组三段发育4种岩相：黑色泥岩相，生物扰动粉砂岩相、泥质纹层＋生物钻孔粉-细砂岩相及平行层理细砂岩相。剖面结构主要为向上变粗的反韵律，其次是向上变粗复变细的复合韵律，几乎不见正韵律。根据岩石相、剖面结构、测井相及粒度累计曲线，认为阜宁组三段为浅湖滩坝沉积。根据沉积特征和砂体展布规律，将储层进一步划分为坝砂和滩砂，并提出该地区的滩坝沉积模式。坝砂由于泥质含量低、储层物性好，油气充满度高；而滩砂泥质纹层理发育，非均质性弱。由于主要充填在平行层理细砂岩相和泥质纹层＋生物钻孔粉砂岩相中，充注程度差别大。%Four types of lithofacies are identified in the 3rd member of Funing Formation in Zhangjiaduo oilfield ,the Su-bei Basin,including dark mudstone,bioturbated siltstone,siltstone-fine sandstone lithofacies with argillaceous laminates and burrow as well as fine sandstone with parallel bedding .Upward-coarsening reverse rhythm is the main section struc-ture,followed by first upward-coarsening and then upward-thinning composite rhythm ,while positive rhythm is very rare . All the features of lithofacies ,section structure ,logging facies and cumulative grading curve show that the 3rd member of Funing Fm is typical shallow lake beach-bar facies.According to the sedimentary characteristics and spatial distributions , the reservoirs are further divided into sandstone of bar microfacies and sandstone of beach microfacies .A beach-bar sedi-mentary model is proposed .The sandstone reservoirs of bar microfacies are high in hydrocarbon fullness , due to its low shale content and high porosity .In contrast ,the sandstone reservoirs of beach microfacies show great variance in hydrocar-bon fullness as argillaceous laminations are well developed ,heterogeneity is week ,and hydrocarbons mainly fill in the fine sandstone lithofacies with parallel bedding and argillaceous laminates +burrow fine sandstone lithofacies .
  • 摘要：In order to understand the control of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Paleogene Shahejie Fm (Es3(1) ) in Qijia-Yuanyanggou area ,the Liaohe Depression , source rock-rooted faults were identified on the basis of fault system division.In addition,the SGR method and fault growth rate were applied respectively to quantitatively evaluate the lateral sealing capacity of fault traps and the fault activity intensity after hydrocarbon accumulation period .The results show that the control of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation is depicted mainly in the following three aspects .Firstly,the oil source-rooted faults control the locations of hydrocarbon accumulation;secondly ,the lateral sealing capacity of faults controls full-ness of the fault traps;and thirdly ,the fault activity intensity after hydrocarbon accumulation period controls the preserva-tion of pre-existing oil and gas .Based on the above studies , criteria for selection of favorable targets were established . When oil sources are sufficient and reservoir physical properties are good ,class-Ⅰtrap is defined as fault traps under the control of two or more source rock-rooted faults,having a hydrocarbon fullness greater than 50%and fault activity intensi-ty(after hydrocarbon accumulation period ) less than 2m/Ma.Drilling risk of class-Ⅰ is minimum,followed by class-Ⅱand class-Ⅲtraps.Finally,two class-Ⅰ traps and one class-Ⅱ trap were mapped,and the oil-bearing area of Es3(1) in these traps is 5.8 km2.%为搞清断裂对辽河坳陷齐家-鸳鸯沟地区古近系沙河街组三段上亚段油气成藏的控制规律，在断裂系统详细划分的基础上厘定了油源断裂，并分别应用SGR方法和断裂活动速率对断层圈闭侧向封闭能力和成藏期后断裂活动强度进行了定量评价。结果表明，断裂对油气成藏的控制主要表现在3个方面：①油源断裂控制油气的聚集部位；②断裂侧向封闭能力控制了断层圈闭油气充满程度；③成藏期后断裂活动强度控制先期聚集油气的保存程度。综合以上研究，建立了有利目标优选标准，认为在油源充足、储层物性较好的情况下，两条以上油源断裂控圈，圈闭充满程度大于50％，并且成藏期后活动速率小于2m/Ma的断层圈闭为Ⅰ类圈闭，钻探风险最小；次之为Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类圈闭。最终预测出2个Ⅰ类圈闭和1个Ⅱ类圈闭，为古近系沙河街组三段上亚段下一步钻探预测新增含油面积5.8 km2。
  • 摘要：在聚合物的注入过程中，聚合物从井口注入后在油管内流动，利用非牛顿流体力学原理建立垂向管流沿程压力损失方程。当聚合物溶液流过喷嘴时损失一部分压力与粘度。通过室内的聚合物溶液过喷嘴实验，得出了喷嘴的长径比（ L/D1）及摩阻系数λ与雷诺数Re之间的关系。应用纲量分析的方法，建立了聚合物流过喷嘴后的压力损失Δp和粘度损失Δη的基本方程。结合实验数据，利用SAS软件进行回归分析，分别得到了压降及粘降关联公式。聚合物溶液流过喷嘴后进入地层，在聚合物溶液压力的作用下，聚合物溶液与岩石空隙的骨架相互挤压，聚合物的注入量也随时间逐渐降低。按照非牛顿流体在地层岩石中的渗流特点建立的单相非牛顿流体径向流的偏微分方程，结合大庆油田聚合物注入井的实际数据和前面的井筒管流、喷嘴节流产生的压力损失Δp和粘度损失Δη来束缚方程的边界条件，使用有限差分将方程离散，并应用软件求解，得出了聚合物注入压力、注入量与时间的关系，为聚合物分层配产提供了理论依据。%In the process of polymer flooding , polymer solution flows first through tubes in wellbore after injected from wellhead .A vertical conduit flow frictional pressure loss equation is set up according to the theory of non -Newtonian fluid mechanics.Usually,a part of pressure and viscosity will be lost when the polymer solution flows through a nozzle .The re-lationships of nozzle length to diameter ratio ( L/D1 ) with friction coefficient (λ) and Reynolds number ( Re) can be estab-lished through experiment modeling the process of polymer solution flowing through nozzle .The basic equations of pres-sure lossΔp and viscosity loss Δηare developed by using dimension analysis method .In combination with the experimen-tal data ,an incidence formula of pressure drawdown and dynamic viscosity loss can be built through regression analysis with SAS software .After polymer solution enters strata ,it will squeeze the skeleton of rock under pressure of polymer so-lution and the injection rate will also decrease with time .Partial differential equations of single phase radial flow of non-Newtonian fluid is established according to the seepage characteristics of non-Newtonian flow .The equations are discrete by using the finite difference and solved by software with the boundary conditions of the equations constrained by the real data,pressure drawdown and dynamic viscosity loss caused by conduit flow and throttled flow .The relationships between injection pressure ,injection rate and time are established ,providing a theoretical basis for separate-layer polymer injection rate allocation.
  • 摘要：渤海湾盆地东营凹陷砂岩储层中长石含量丰富，而且长石溶蚀现象普遍，对储层物性具有重要影响。运用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜以及X-射线粉晶衍射等分析技术，对东营凹陷砂岩储层中长石及其溶蚀产物的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明：在不同地区长石含量存在差异，凹陷北部长石含量最高，其次是南部，最低的是中部地区；在层位上，沙河街组一段长石含量最高，其次为沙河街组二段和沙河街组四段，含量最低的是沙河街组三段；在东营凹陷砂岩储层中，长石主要的溶蚀产物为高岭石、伊利石和绿泥石。由于高岭石向伊利石和绿泥石转化，导致高岭石含量逐渐降低，浅部的伊利石和绿泥石主要由伊/蒙混层转化而来，而深部的伊利石和绿泥石主要由高岭石蚀变形成。砂岩储层中的伊/蒙混层矿物在浅层含量高，随着埋藏深度增加，含量逐渐降低。%Sandstone reservoirs in Dongying Sag ,the Bohai Bay Basin are rich in feldspar ,dissolution of which is very com-mon and has an important influence on reservoir physical properties .Polarizing microscope ,SEM and X-ray powder diffrac-tion technologies were used to study the distribution characteristics of feldspar and its dissolution products in the sandstone reservoirs in Dongying sag .The content of feldspar varies in different areas .The highest content of feldspar occurs in the north,followed by the south ,and the lowest is in the central area .Vertically,Es1 is the richest in content of feldspar ,fol-lowed by Es2 and Es4 f,and Es3 is lowest.The main dissolution products of feldspar in the sandstone reservoirs in Dongying sag include kaolinite ,illite and chlorite .The transformation kaolinite to illite and chlorite causes the decrease of content of kaolinite .The illite and chlorite in the shallow layer are mainly transformed from I /S,while they come from kaolinitic alter-ation in the deep layer .The content of I/S is high in shallow layer ,and reduces with the increasing depth .
  • 摘要：塔里木盆地塔中北围斜区发育一系列北东走向的走滑断裂，主要发育花状构造、平行高陡断裂带、雁列构造等多种构造样式。加里东中期塔中Ⅰ号断裂、南缘断裂活动剧烈，北西向的逆掩岩片或滑动块体中由于差异运动而形成了北东走向的撕裂断层-调节断层。加里东末期塔中地区受到东南向强烈斜向挤压作用是走滑断裂形成的动力机制，在基底薄弱带的基础上，塔中地区发生了右旋走滑特征。在这种板内挤压转换构造背景下，形成了一些连接北西向逆冲断层的北东向走滑断裂。加里东晚期-海西早期断裂基本上沿着加里东中期的调节断层带的基础上继承发育，具有多期活动的特征。走滑断裂对碳酸盐岩储集层具有强烈的改造作用，还控制了古生界碎屑岩构造圈闭的发育，并作为重要的油气运移通道。%A series of strike-slip faults occurr in north peri-cline area of the Tazhong Uplift in the Tarim Basin .The struc-tural styles include flower structure , parallel high-steep fault , en-echelon structure etc .In the Middle Caledonian , the Tazhong-Ⅰfault and the southern boundary fault were most active ,and the NE-trending tear faults were formed because of the differential movement of NW-trending overthrust nappe or sliding block .In the Late Caledonian ,the Tazhong uplift experienced strong oblique compression from the SE direction , which was the dynamic mechanism for the formation of strike-slip faults .This resulted in right-lateral strike-slip on the basis of basement weak zone .NE-trending strike-slip faults were formed in the tectonic setting of intraplate transpressional nature ,and were connected with the NW-trending thrust fault .In the Late Caledonian to Early Hercynian ,faults were developed in inheritance along the Middle Caledonian tear faults,and were characterized by multistage activities .The strike-slip faults not only greatly modified carbonate reser-voirs,but also controlled the development of structural trap in the Paleozoic clasitc rocks .In addition,they also acted as important pathways of hydrocarbon migration .
  • 摘要：The key geological factors determining fracturing effect in north Z 23 ultra-low permeability reservoir are ana-lyzed based on the fine geological model of reservoir established by using the Petrel software .According to the key geolo-gical factors(reservoir thickness,permeability),the target layers of sand unit 1,2 and 3 are classified into four types. Fracturing parameters of eight reservoir types are optimized by using numerical simulation and ENPV methods based on the fine geological model .The results show that the fracturing parameters vary greatly for reservoirs with intense heteroge-neity.To obtain ideal productivity ,long fractures are needed for the low permeability reservoir ,while fractures with high flow conductivity is needed in reservoirs with relative high permeability .Field test shows that the hydraulic fracturing with fracture parameters optimized by using this method is effective .%以Z23北区特低渗透油藏为例，基于Petrel软件建立的储层精细地质模型分析了控制工区压裂效果的关键地质因素。根据控制压裂效果的地质因素（油层厚度、渗透率），将改造目的层一砂组、二砂组和三砂组各分为4类储层。以储层精细地质模型为基础，采用数值模拟方法和经济净现值法优选了8类储层的大型压裂裂缝参数。裂缝参数优选结果表明：对于非均质性强的储层，与储层相匹配的裂缝参数差异较大；要获得理想产能，低渗透储层需要造长缝，而渗透率相对较高的储层需要高导流能力裂缝。现场应用实践表明：按照此方法优选的裂缝参数压裂效果好，储层改造针对性强，可以推广。
  • 摘要：利用5口区探井碳酸盐岩的矿物组成、微孔特征和测井资料等对塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩封盖性能进行了研究.结果表明,塔中奥陶系良里塔格组和鹰山组位于中成岩A-B亚段和晚成岩A亚段.良里塔格组中颗粒灰岩的突破压力为1.81 ～ 29.76 MPa,突破半径为13.89～77.35 nm,变化较大;泥灰岩的突破压力为14.33 MPa,突破半径为9.77 nm;含泥质条带泥晶灰岩的突破压力为3.15 ～5.41 MPa,突破半径为25.90～44.51 nm.鹰山组灰云岩的突破压力为0.98 ～ 10.35 MPa,突破半径为13.52～142.60 nm.因此,良里塔格组泥灰岩、部分颗粒灰岩及鹰山组云灰岩均有一定的封盖能力,其连续厚度大于5 m,突破压力大于5 MPa,突破半径介于10 ～ 20 nm,孔喉半径小于0.1 μm.塔中鹰山组内分布稳定、厚4～10m的高电阻含云灰岩构成的致密层段可作为局部封盖层,是中1井奥陶系鹰山组上油、下气油气分布的主要原因之一.%Mineral composition, micro-pore characteristics and well-logs from five wells were used to study the sealing capacity of the Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin. The Ordovician Lianglitage and Yingshan formations are at substage A-B of the middle diagenetic stage and substage A of the late diagenetic stage. For the Lianglitage Formation grainstone,the breakthrough pressure (BP) is 1. 81 -29. 76 Mpa,and the threshold radius (TR) is 13. 89 -77. 35 nm,. For the marlstones,the BP is 14. 33MPa and TR is 25. 9 -44. 51 nm. For the micritic limestone with band of argillite, the BP is 0. 98 - 10. 35 Mpa and the TR is 13. 52 - 142. 60 nm. The BP and the TR of the Yingshan Formation limy dolomites are 0. 98 - 10. 35 Mpa and 13. 52 - 142. 60 nm. Thus, the marlstone and partial grainstone of the Lianglitage Formation and the Yingshan Formation dolomite limestone have certain sealing capacity,with thickness over 5 m,BP over 5 Mpa,TR between 10-20 nm,pore throat radium less than 0. 1 |xm. In addition, the tight interval consisted of dolomite limestone with high resistivity of 4 -10 m thick in the Yingshan Formation is thought to be local caprocks in Tazhong area. Its existence is one of the main factors resulting in the oil/gas distribution pattern in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Zhong-1 well,I. E. Oil in its upper part and gas in its lower part.
  • 摘要：Abstract: Mesozoic bottom boundary in Yakela Faulted upliftt is an important unconformity developed for a long geologic time, and its overlying and underlying formations are quite different in deformation manner. Based on interpretation of 3 D seismic data in the Yakela faulted uplift, combining with well data, regional geology and regional strata distribution characteristics, the types of unconformities related to this reflector can be divided into nonconformity, truncation unconformity, overlap unconformity and karst unconformity according to their formation mechanisms and main factors controlling geometry. The nonconformities mainly occur in the eastern and western parts,where the pre-Mesozoic deposits were denuded completely. The monocline area,fold area and fault-fold area of truncation unconformity exsit in the middle and western parts of the Yakela faulted uplift from west to east. The overlap unconformity distributes along south climb of the Yakela faulted upliftt. The karst unconformity mainly distributes in the central and western parts,where the upper Palaeozoic was eroded completely and car-bonates expose. The unconformities are of great significance for hydrocarbon accumulation as they can act as migration pathway, improve reservoir conditions and create lots of traps. Comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and distribution patterns of various unconformities in this area reveals that they are the results of tectonic deformations strong in the east and weak in the west of the Yakela faulted uplift.%雅克拉断凸中生界底界是一个长期发育的重要不整合面,其上、下地层差异变形很大.通过解释雅克拉断凸三维地震资料,并结合钻井、区域地质资料以及该地区地层展布特征,依据不整合的成因机制及其形态的主控因素,将与该反射界面有关的不整合类型划分为非整合、削截、超覆和岩溶不整合.非整合主要分布在东、西部,其所在地区中生界下伏地层被全部剥蚀,分布最广;削截不整合的单斜区、皱褶区和断皱区从西至东依次分布于中、西部区域;超覆不整合沿雅克拉断凸南翼分布;岩溶不整合主要分布在上古生界被全部剥蚀而出露碳酸盐岩的中、西部区域.不整合对油气成藏有重要意义,既可作为油气运移的良好通道,也可改善储集层条件,还可形成大量圈闭.综合分析各类不整合特征及其分布规律,发现其因该地区“东强西弱”构造变形强度所导致.
  • 摘要：Bitumen is common in the pores of Chang 8 pay zone of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Huaqing area of the central part of Ordos Basin, and the oil-water relationship is very complicated. According to the analysis on the geochemical characteristics of reservoir extracts and crude oil, combining with comparative test on the reservoir physical property of cores containing bitumen before and after washing oil and the reservoir fluorescence analysis, authors studies in detail the reservoir bitumen genesis and its impact on reservoir physical property and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in this area. The results show that the genesis of reservoir bitumen and crude oil are different, and the bitumen has lower maturity with strong biodegradation. Base on the experiment of washing oil, it is found that both the post-washing porosity and permeability of cores containing bitumen increase significantly, and the oil formed in late stage mainly distributes in the residual pore filled with bitumen. It is pointed out that bitumen has an important control on reservoir physical property and hydrocarbon migration andaccumulation at late stage. The Chang 81 formation experienced hydrocarbon two accumulation stages,the first stage happened in Middle-Late Jurassic and the second in Early Cretaceous. The early accumulated crude oil with low maturity suffered from strong biodegradation and were turned to bitumen,which filled in the pores of reservoir together with chlorites and ferrocalcites, making the reservoir tighter. The mature oil generated from the source rocks in late stage could only accumulate in the residual pores filled with bitumen or in pores of reservoir with less bitumen.%鄂尔多斯盆地中部华庆地区三叠系延长组长8油层组1砂组储层孔隙中普遍见沥青,油水关系十分复杂.通过对储层抽提物和原油的地球化学特征分析,并结合含沥青岩心洗油前后储层物性对比实验和储层显微荧光分析,系统研究了该区储层沥青的成因及其对储层物性和油气运聚的影响.研究表明,储层沥青与原油成因不同,沥青成熟度低,且具有强烈生物降解特征.通过洗油实验,含沥青较多的岩心孔隙度和渗透率均有增加,且后期油主要分布在沥青充填后的残余孔隙中,指出沥青对储层物性和后期油气的运聚具有重要的控制作用.长81储层存在两期成藏,时间分别在中晚侏罗世和早白垩世末.早期成藏的成熟度较低的原油遭强烈生物降解形成沥青,与绿泥石和铁方解石一起充填在储层孔隙中,使储层变得更为致密,源岩后期生成的成熟原油只能进入被沥青等充填后的残余孔中或进入沥青少的储层孔隙中聚集成藏.
  • 摘要：Daniudi gas field in Ordos Basin is typical tight sand gas reservoirs with low permeability, low pressure and low production rate. It has been a challenge to develop this kind of gas field economically. This paper covers lithofacies, lithology, petrophysical property, pore structure and gas bearing potential of different formations. On this basis,four types of reservoirs have been identified. In terms of production rate,Type I is the highest,followed by Type II and then Type El, while Type IV has no productivity. According to the types and distribution of reservoirs, different development strategies have been adopted. Single layer production through vertical well fits Type I , whose porosity and permeability are better, net pay is thicker and production rate is higher. Commingled system through vertical well for overlapped layers suits Type II , whose porosity and permeability are moderate, net pay is thinner and production rate of single layer is lower. Staged fracturing through horizontal well matches both Type H and Type HI with only one widely distributing layer. Applying different development strategies to different types of reservoirs, we has succeeded in improving the individual-well production rate and achieving economical development of this gas field. Annual production capacity of 25 × 108 m3 has been built up there.%鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田为典型致密低渗气田,具有低渗、低压、低产的特点,经济有效开发难度大.针对气田不同层段储层开展了储集岩相、岩石学、物性、孔隙结构、含气性等特征研究,在此基础上划分出四大类六小类储层,其中Ⅰ类为高产型储层,Ⅱ类为中产型储层,Ⅲ类为低产型储层,Ⅳ类为非储层.根据不同储层类型及其空间分布的特点,采取了不同的开发策略,Ⅰ类储层物性好、厚度大、单层产量高,采用直井单层开采;Ⅱ类储层物性中等、厚度小、单层产量较低,选择发育两层以上叠合区,采用直井多层合采;对以单层发育的Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层,采用水平井分段压裂进行开采.通过不同的开发对策,有效提高了单井产量,实现致密低渗气田的经济开发,目前气田已建成天然气年产能25 × 108m3.
  • 摘要：The life cycle of a single oil/gas field is limited, therefore the sustainable production of oil and gas relies on two replacements; the first is tactic replacement,!, e. Reserves and production growth in mature oil/gas field (area); the other is strategic replacement, I. E. Frontier exploration and development including new domains, new reservoir types,new plays. From Tsarist Russia to the former Soviet Union and to Russia,oil producing areas experienced a close replacement from the first to the second and to third Baku, which provides a good case study for the research on the strategic replacement of production area in China . The analysis of oil production change before and after the breakup of former Soviet Union demonstrates that transferring investment needed for the tactic and strategic replacement from oil industry to other political and economic areas is the major factor influencing the sustainable development of its petroleum industry. If Russia do not reform, open-up and raise e-nough funds from both domestic and abroad channels now,it will be hard to guarantee the sustainable development of oil industry, the increasing of oil export and the realization of the original objective of " enriching country via oil and gas". The oil production objective rules require us to strengthen the willingness and activeness of tactic and strategic replacement,and continue to "aggressively" realize the sustainable development of oil industry. Finally,the paper proposes the prerequisite to realize strategic replacement; new strategic exploration concept based on the reality,new exploration and development technologies adapted to the complex play and hard condi-tions,investment guarantee and certain time cycle.%单独油气田的生命周期是有限的,而油气生产的持续发展要靠两个接替:一是战术接替,即老油气田(区)内的潜力挖掘与增储上产;二是战略接替,即新领域、新类型、新层系,特别是新油气产区的开拓等.沙俄-前苏联-俄罗斯石油产区经历了从第一、第二到第三巴库的紧凑接替,为我国产区战略接替研究提供了实际案例.对前苏联解体之前和之后产量起伏的分析表明:为解国内政治-经济之困和扩充军备之需而剥夺了石油工业进行战术战略接替所必须的投资是影响其持续发展的首要原因.如果不改变俄罗斯目前的政策,实行改革开放,从国内国外两方面大力筹集资金就难以保障其石油工业的持续发展,难以保障出口增长,也就难以实现其“油气富国”的初衷.石油生产的客观规律要求我们增强进行战术和战略接替的自觉性和主动性,以不断开拓的“进攻”去实现石油工业的持续发展.基于上述分析,最后提出实现战略接替的必备条件:从实际情况出发提出的战略性开拓新思路,与目标艰难条件相适应的勘探开发新技术,投资的保障和一定的时间周期.
  • 摘要：Systematic field investigation and thin section observation as well as electron microprobe determination reveal that dolomitization is common in the Changing and Feixianguan formations in Panlongdong, northeastern Sichuan Basin. Various types of dolomites are developed and distributed vertically in obvious zonation. From bottom to top, they are biological clasitic dolomite, reef dolomite, crystalline dolomite, oolitic dolomite and micrite dolomite respectively. Our study showed that three genetic models could account for the formation process of the dolomites, including mixed-water dolomitization, infiltration and circumfluence dolomitization as well as penecon-temporaneous dolomitization. The biological clasitic and reef dolomites were mainly formed through the mixed-water dolomitization,which occurred in relatively open diagenesis environment with meteoric water input. These dolomites had different δ13C values and more negative δ18O values and remained original sedimentary structure of rocks which restricted dolomitization. The infiltration and circumfluence dolomitization resulted in the formation of the crystalline and oolitic dolomites which have same δ13C values,less negative δ18O valuse,Fe and Mn contents. The penecontemporaneous dolomitization created the micrite dolomite with tight lithology and less negative δ13C and δ18O values.%通过系统的野外调查和薄片鉴定,结合电子探针分析,认为四川盆地东北部盘龙洞长兴组-飞仙关组地层普遍发生白云岩化作用.不同类型的白云岩较发育,在纵向分布上具明显的分带性,由下至上依次为:生屑(含砂砾屑)白云岩、礁白云岩、结晶白云岩、鲕粒白云岩和泥-微晶白云岩.进一步研究表明,上述白云岩的成因模式主要有三种,即混合水白云岩化、渗透回流白云岩化和准同生白云岩化.混合水白云岩化为生屑(含砂砾屑)白云岩和礁白云岩的主要形成模式,这两类白云岩保持了岩石原始的沉积结构,白云岩化受原始结构的影响,具有离散的δ13C值和较负的δ18O值,反映其形成于有大气淡水参与的相对开放的成岩环境.渗透回流白云岩化为结晶白云岩和鲕粒白云岩的主要形成机制,这两类白云岩具有一致的δ13C值和相对较高的δ18O值,较高的Fe、Mn含量.准同生白云岩化是泥-微晶白云岩的成岩模式,岩石以岩性致密,碳氧同位素值集中偏高为特征.
  • 摘要：1《石油与灭然气地质》主要以记录我圈石油地喷领域的重大科研成果、反映本学科最新科技水平与发展动态、促进国内外学术交流、提高石油地质研究和实践水平为办刊宗旨，是一份向国内外公开发行的综合性学术期刊，为火16开、双月刊，主要栏目有“专家论坛”、“油气地质”、“勘探开发”、“技术方法”等。
  • 摘要：针对目前常用模型优选方法存在的主要问题,提出了一种将实验设计的理念应用于不确定性储层模型优选的方法.首先,根据油田的实际情况确定影响模型地质储量的不确定性变量及其可能变化范围,并采用实验设计确定建模方案;然后,建立多个确定模型并计算储量,对不确定变量与对应模型的地质储量进行多元回归;最终,应用蒙特卡罗模拟技术确定概率储量的P10,P50和P90模型的参数,并建立P10,P50和P90模型.该方法在应用过程中不仅更加客观、省时,而且,这种方法可以确定影响地质储量的主要地质变量,为评价地质储量的不确定性提供了一个全新的思路.%To improve the conventional reservoir model optimization techniques,this paper presents a method to introduce experimental design theory to uncertainty reservoir modeling optimization. First,we identified the dominant nondeterministic variables that influence the OOIP calculation and their probability distributions by the actual oilfield data analysis,and made a modeling plan through experimental design. And then,several deterministic models were built to calculate OOIP. Multiple regression was performed on the nondeterministic variables and the OOIP calculated with corresponding models. Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation was run to obtain the OOIP probability curve and P10,P50 and P90 model parameters,which were used to establish the reference P10,P50 and P90 models. This method is not only more objective and efficient, but also capable of identifying the key geologic uncertainties that influence the OOIP calculation and provides a new way to evaluate the uncertainty of OOIP.
  • 摘要：Based on samples from outcrops and cores,we analyzed various geochemical parameters such as elemental component, Rock-Eval and carbon isotopes of the Permian source rocks. The kerogens of the Permian source rocks are dominated by type Ⅱ , with local occurrence of type I and/or El kerogens. Their hydrocarbon generation capacity is determined by the total organic carbon( TOC)and Rock-Eval parameters. In general,mud-stones have a higher TOC,and greater potential for hydrocarbon generation than limestones. We restored the hydrocarbon generation potentials of marine mudstonse and limestones with high thermal maturity, which is necessary for the evaluation of the highly mature source rocks in South China. The Permian source rocks in Sichuan Basin are generally of high thermal maturity at high to post mature stages. During the Early Cretaceous, the Permian source rocks entered into peak hydrocarbon generation and contributed to late gas accumulation in the upper marine assemblage in South China.%通过野外和岩心样品系统采集,对四川盆地二叠系烃源岩元素组成、Rock-Eval、碳同位素组成等地球化学参数分析,确立了二叠系烃源岩干酪根类型以Ⅱ型为主,局部存在Ⅰ型或Ⅲ型;利用烃源岩TOC和热解生烃参数探讨了其生烃潜力,泥岩有机碳含量一般高于灰岩,生烃潜力大.同时,对于高演化海相泥岩和灰岩生烃潜力进行了恢复,提出了高演化泥岩和灰岩生烃潜力的恢复对客观评价我国南方高演化碳酸盐岩具有一定必要性.四川盆地二叠系烃源岩热演化程度普遍高,已达到高-过成熟阶段;在早白垩世二叠系烃源岩进入生气高峰有利于后期天然气聚集成藏,为我国南方海相上组合天然气勘探提供了雄厚的物质基础.
  • 摘要：渤海湾盆地经历了中、新生代两个裂陷旋回,伴随了很强的中酸性和中基性岩浆活动.通过系统总结盆地内中、新生界火山岩分布及其油气藏类型,火山岩油气藏发育特征及规律,探讨了渤海湾盆地火山岩油气藏的勘探潜力.研究认为:区内中生界火山岩主要分布在盆地东部,以早白垩世为主;新生代岩浆活动可以分为4期,即孔店—沙四期、沙三期、沙二—东营期和馆陶期.盆地火山岩油气藏主要有3种类型:潜山型、断块型和地层-岩性.中生代火山岩主要发育潜山型油气藏,孔店-沙四期火山岩多发育断块型火山岩油气藏,沙三期火山岩所探明的油气储量最多,地层-岩性火山岩油气藏是新生界火山岩中较常见的油气藏类型,溢流相是最有利相带.除沙三期火山岩外,中生代、孔店—沙四期和海域的沙二—东营期火山岩也具有较大的勘探潜力.%kerogen type; hydrocarbon generation potential; marine source rock; Permian; Sichuan Basin
  • 摘要：须家河组是川西坳陷的区域气层,由于埋深大,储层普遍经历了复杂的成岩作用,造成了现今储层的致密-超致密化,但在致密-超致密背景下仍发育部分储集性能相对较好的孔隙性储层.通过对研究区30余口井、7000余块岩石薄片、1000余块铸体薄片的观察与鉴定及其相关储层研究表明,火山碎屑溶蚀孔是须家河组二段、须家河组四段砂岩主要储集空间,是形成该区优质储层的主要控制因素,母岩风化搬运沉积下来的长石溶蚀不是形成中、高孔隙性砂岩的主要原因.因为同沉积期火山喷发作用形成的火山碎屑物含有较多的“易溶组分”,在成岩过程中易溶蚀脱玻化形成孔隙,从而控制了次生溶孔发育的较高渗透性砂岩储层的分布.因此,同沉积期火山作用的成分及其溶蚀作用强度是控制须家河组砂岩优质储层的发育、分布和形成本区中、高孔隙性砂岩的主要原因.甘孜-理塘陆间裂谷带上,晚三叠世火山活动强烈,是研究区火山物质的主要来源.%The Xujiahe Formation is a regional gas reservoir in western Sichuan Depression. Due to the great burial depth,the reservoir generally experienced complicated diagenesis,resulting in tight to supertight reservoirs. Even so,porous reservoirs with relatively good storage capacity were also developed. From observation of more than 30 wells, over 7 000 ordinary thin sections and over 1 000 cast thin sections in the study area as well as the research of related reservoirs, it is demonstrated that volcanic debris dissolved pores are the major storage space of sandstones of of the 2nd and 4th member of Xujiahe Formation, and are the major controlling factor of high quality reservoirs in the area. Dissolution of feldspar deposited through weathering and transportation of parent rock is not the major reason for the forming of sandstone with medium-high porosity. Volcanic debris from synde-positional volcanic eruption contain many "soluble compositions" ,which tend to be dissolved and devitrified to form pores during diagenesis, thus controlling the distribution of high-permeability sandstone reservoirs with well-developed secondary dissolved pores. Therefore, the compositions of debries from the syndepositional volcanism and their dissolution intensity are the major factors controlling the development and distribution of high quality reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation and the formation of sandstone with medium-high porosity. Ganzi-Litang inter-continental rift area where volcanisms were strong during the Late Triassic was the major source for volcanic debris in the study area.
  • 摘要：针对塔里木盆地寒武系埋深大、钻井少的问题,以层序地层学、沉积学理论为指导,对巴楚隆起中下寒武统膏盐岩、碳酸盐岩、红褐色泥岩互层发育的特殊岩性组合开展了深入研究,提出该沉积体系中GR泥质含量高低不能反映相对海平面升降,精细沉积相划分是识别基准面旋回升降变化的关键.以此为依据,将寒武系划分为3个超层序,7个三级层序,其中中、下寒武统发育4个三级层序,上寒武统发育3个三级层序,并分析了各层序发育特征,建立寒武系等时地层对比格架.巴楚隆起中、下寒武统属蒸发台地-局限台地沉积体系,可识别出2种相、5种亚相、19种微相,其中下寒武统以发育局限台地相灰坪、灰云坪、膏云坪、云坪沉积为主,东西沉积存在差异,西部以膏云坪沉积为主,东部主要为云坪沉积,而中寒武统以发育蒸发台地相潮间坪和盐湖沉积为主,巴3井-巴1井一线以西为潮上坪沉积,以东主要为潮间坪和盐湖沉积.%The Cambrian is of large burial depth and few exploration wells in Tarim Basin, The specific lithologic assemblage consisting of intebedded evaporites, carbonate rocks and bronzing mudstones in the moddle-lower Camberan is analyzed using sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology theories. We suggest that clay contents of GR within the depositional system can not reflect the relative sea level change, and that fine sedimentary facies division is key to base-level cycle identification. The Cambrian is divided into 3 supersequences and 7 third-order sequences, among which 4 third-order sequences occur in the Middle-Lower Cambrian and 3 in the Upper Cambrian. In addition, the features of each third-order sequence are analyzed and an isochronous stratigraphic framework is built for the Cambrian. The sedimentary environments of the Middle-Lower Cambrian in Bachu Uplift are evaporate platform and restricted platform,where 2 sedimentary facies,5 subfacies and 19 microfacies are identified. The Lower Cambrian is mainly of restricted platform deposits dominated by lime flat, limestone-dolomite flat, gypsum-dolomite flat and dolomite flat deposition. In Bachu Uplift, the gypsum-dolomite flat deposits dominate in the west and dolomite flat deposits in the east. In contrast,the major sedimentary facies of the Middle Cambrian is evaporate platform dominated by intertidal flat and saline lacustrine deposits. Taking the Ba3-Bal wells as the line of demarcation, the Middle Cambrian is mainly of supertidal flat deposits to its west, and isdominated by intertidal flat and salt lake deposits to its east.
  • 摘要：Taking the fourth member of Quantou Formation ( K1q4 ) in the southern part of central Fuyu oilfield as an example,we systematically identified single sand bodies in the compound distributary channels of delta plain based on study of sedimentary microfacies with integrating various data including cores, well logging and production performance. The results show that K1q4 has well-developed large interconnected and banded compound distributary channel sand bodies of various origins in the study area. Detail characterization of single sand bodies reveals that there are 6 main superposition patterns, including multi-layers, overlapping, multi-boundaries, single-boundary, juxtaposition and isolation. Moreover,8 types of logging-facies marks of single sand bodies are identified for vertical timing and lateral boundary identification. The dense well pattern and small well spacing data in the study area are used to establish a quantitative prediction model for the width-thickness ratio of single sandbodies. By using this model, totally 44 single sand bodies of low sinuous meandering type are recognized in the5th to 10th layers of K1q4. These single sand bodies show a SW-NE trending banded distribution with a width of150 -500 meters,a thickness of 2 -8 meters,and a width-thickness ratio of 40 - 100. Tracer test results provethe accuracy of single sand body identification.%以扶余油田中区南部泉头组四段为例,在沉积微相研究的基础上,综合应用岩心、测井、动态等资料,对三角洲平原复合分流河道内部的单砂体进行系统识别.研究结果表明,研究区泉头组四段发育大面积连片状、条带状的多成因复合分流河道砂体.在单砂体精细解剖的基础上,发现该区单砂体主要包括多层式、叠加式、多边式、单边式、对接式、孤立式六种叠置关系,识别出单砂体垂向分期、横向分界的8种测井相标志.采用研究区密井网小井距资料建立了单砂体宽厚比定量预测模式,以此为指导,在研究区泉头组四段5-10小层内共识别出44个低弯度曲流型单砂体.这些单砂体在平面上主要呈西南-东北方向条带状展布,宽度介于150 ～ 500 m,厚度介于2～8m,宽/厚比介于40 ～ 100.最后,通过多组示踪剂分析测试资料,验证了单砂体划分的合理性.
  • 摘要：During analyzing the seismic facies of Qiketai ( Qkt) Formation in Pubei ( Pb ) area with Stratimagic software,we compared the application conditions of waveform classification technique. Seismic data with a frequence greater than 40 Hz and a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 25 DB are suitable for seismic waveform classification. The effect of waveform analysis is good in area with gentle structural attitude and under-developed fractures. Furthermore, the selection of suitable seismic time window and the setting of proper waveform classification number also affect the application effect of waveform classification technique. Generally, a waveform classification number of five to eight is reasonable, which match well with the sedimentary microfacies types. This technique is used to map the sedimentary microfacies of Qkt Group. Comparison with single well sedimentary microfacies identification shows that the coincidence rate is more than 86 % , verifying the reliability of sedimentary microfacies prediction by using seismic waveform classification technique. Finally,this paper presents the sandstone distribution predicted by using this technique which can be used to guide future exploration of subtle reservoirs in the area.%在应用地震相分析软件Stratimagic对葡北地区七克台(Qkt)组进行地震相分析的过程中,对地震波形分类技术的应用条件进行了对比.分析发现,频率大于40 Hz、信噪比大于25 DB的地震资料可以较好地满足地震波形分类的研究.构造形态平缓、断裂不发育的地区运用波形分析效果较好.此外合适的地震时窗大小的选取和适当的波形分类数的设定也影响波形分类分析的运用效果.一般5～8种分类数是比较合适的,与沉积微相类型的匹配效果较好.在此基础上,运用该技术编制了葡北地区七克台组的沉积微相,对比单井沉积微相分析结果发现,有86％以上的单井相分析结果与预测的沉积微相图吻合,证实了地震波形分类技术预测沉积微相的可靠性.最后,运用该技术预测了该地区的砂体展布,为该地区下步隐蔽油气藏的勘探指明了方向.
  • 摘要：Previous exploration and research results show that the carbonate reservoir spaces of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Ka - 1 3D acreage in Tazhong area are dominated by fractures and dissolution pores. However, recent reprocessed seismic data reveal some bead-shaped and short-axis-shaped high amplitude anomalies in Ka - 1 3D seismic data. For this reason,many techniques,such as numeral seismic forward modeling,incoherence detection, palaeogeomorphology restoration and multiple seismic attribute extraction, are integrated to re-predict the Ordovician YingShan Formation carbonate reservoirs in Ka - 1 3D acreage. The results show that the zig-shaped strong amplitude anomalies in plane view represent igneous rocks, while strong amplitude anomalies being scattered in plane view and beads-shaped on profile represent carbonate reservoirs with large cavities. These interpretations have been verified by well W20 completed recently.%塔里木盆地塔中地区卡1三维工区前期勘探成果表明,奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩储层以“裂缝、溶孔”型为主,但近期重新处理的地震数据中发现了一些“串珠、短轴状”强振幅地震反射异常体.针对这一现象,在新处理地震数据体的基础上,采用地震数字正演模拟、不连续性检测、古地貌恢复和地震多属性分析等技术,重新开展了卡1三维工区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩储层预测研究.结果表明,平面上呈“折线”状分布的强振幅异常体是火成岩的响应,而平面上呈散点状、剖面上呈“串珠”状的强振幅反射是较大尺度溶洞型碳酸盐岩储层的响应.这一成果已得到近期完钻井W20的证实,为本区下一步勘探部署开拓了新的方向.
  • 摘要：针对高含水油藏开发后期面临大幅度提高采收率的难题,以南襄盆地泌阳凹陷双河油田Ⅳ5-11层系为例,提出了井网重组与二元驱复合增效技术.鉴于研究区油砂体平面叠合情况、物性差异等地质特点,以及纵向单层动用程度差别大的状况,首先采用相似性的原则,对层系井网细分重组;同时对原井网开展注采井网完善、充分利用水平井挖潜等方式,对研究区进行了井网三维立体重组加密调整.根据油藏特点,在兼顾经济效益的前提下,主力油砂体采用二元复合驱,其他非主力油砂体进行水驱调整挖潜.采用正交设计方法优化注入参数.研究表明,采用井网重组与二元驱复合增效技术,能够大幅度提高高含水油藏采收率,比“复合驱”与“井网调整”二者单独作用之和高出2.19％.%It is difficult to significantly enhance oil recovery of reservoirs with high water-cut at late production period. This paper presents a successful example to demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating well pattern rearrangement with binary combination flooding in Shuanghe oilfield. Based on the overlap of pay zones and differences of their petrophysical properties, as well as the large vertical production performance variation from one pay zone to the another, we rearranged the well pattern through layer series subdivision and recombination in similarity principle,adjusted injection & production system and designed horizontal infill wells. According to the characteristics of the reservoirs and balancing economic benefits, binary combination flooding was carried out in the major pay zones while water flooding adjustment was performed in the other non-major pay zones. The injection parameters of binary combination flooding were optimized by using the orthogonal design method. Study results indicate that this technique can improve the recovery factor greatly,with amplitude of 2. 19% higher than the sum of well pattern rearrangement and binary combination flooding.
  • 摘要：The Lower Paleozoic marine carbonate reservoirs in Tazhong83 - Tazhongl6 wellblock in Tazhong uplift within Tarim Basin have multiple oil/gas-bearing horizons, great differences in hydrocarbon properties and complicated oil/gas-water contact. On the basis of current hydrocarbon reservoir characteristics in the study are-a,in conjunction with the hydrocarbon accumulation process in Tazhong uplift,we analyzed the genetic mechanism of "the Himalayan gas invasion's decisive influence on current nature and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs" from the viewpoint of dynamic hydrocarbon migration, and drew three conclusions: ( 1 ) Hydrocarbon pools in the same horizon but different areas show the characteristics of "gas at both ends and oil in the middle" due to the existence of multiple faults connected with gas sources; (2) Hydrocarbon pools in the same area but at different horizons show the characteristics that "pure gas change progressively into condensate gas and finallyinto oil from bottom to top due to the limited gas charge along faults connected with gas sources and the heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs; (3 ) Hydrocarbon pools in the same horizon and same area show abrupt change , of oil/gas-water contact due to the local structural configuration and the existence of tight barriers. It is believed that the faults connected with gas source and unconformities that serve as the dominant hydrocarbon migration pathways control the direction of hydrocarbon migration, while the local structure configuration and tight barriers confine the extent of hydrocarbon migration. They both are the major factors controlling the nature of hydrocarbon reservoirs and the oil/gas-water contact. It is estimated that the deeper the exploration targets are and the closer they are to the faults connected with gas sources,the more favorable they are to gas exploration.%塔里木盆地塔中隆起塔中83-塔中16井区下古生界海相碳酸盐岩含油气层位多,油气性质差异大,油(气)、水分布复杂.以研究区现今油气特征为基础,结合塔中隆起成藏过程,从油气运移的动态角度,突出分析了“喜马拉雅期天然气气侵对现今油气性质和分布具有决定性影响”的成因机理,得出:1)同一层位、不同区带的油气藏,因存在多个气源断裂,表现出“两端为气,中间为油”的特征;2)同一地区、不同层位的油气藏,因沿主要气源断裂气侵的天然气量有限,以及碳酸盐岩储层的非均值性,从下至上表现出“从纯气藏变为凝析气藏直至油藏”的特征;3)同一层位、同一区带,因局部构造形态(分割槽)和致密层的存在,油(气)、水分布突变.总结认为,气源断裂、不整合面作为优势通道主导运移方向,局部构造形态及致密层限定油气运移范围,二者是研究区油气性质和油(气)、水分布的主控因素.预测勘探层位越深,越靠近气源断裂,则越有利于天然气勘探.
  • 摘要：Based on sediment supplies, sedimentary hydrodynamic conditions, channel structures and features, the paper discusses the relationship between the vertical/lateral structures of the sedimentary microfacies and reservoir productivity in Dal 2 - Da66 wellblocks, Daniudi gas field. The result indicates that the combinations of source supplies and sedimentary hydrodynamic conditions affectes the vertical distribution of reservoir productivity. Under the condition of abundant sediment supplies, stable and strong hydrodynamic conditions, the formations are mostly payzones with medium to high productivity. Reservoirs in the central part of distributary channel microfacies have been commonly tested relatively stable productivity and are mostly payzones with medium to high productivity. In contrast, reservoirs at the edge of distributary channel have been usually tested with the feature of unstable productivity. The payzones with medium to high productivity grow usually in the intersection of two channels with strong hydrodynamic conditions. In addition, because of complexity of meander channel and great shape changes, it is difficulty to identify and discover. Generally, productivity is lower for unstable channel except for areas with strong hydrodynamic conditions. The study results coincide with the production tests in Dal2-Da66 wellblocks.%以大牛地气田大12-大66井区为研究对象,基于物质供给和沉积水动力条件、河道结构与特征,探讨了沉积微相纵向结构与产能分布之间的成因关系,沉积微相横向结构与产能分布之间的内在关系.研究表明,物质供给和沉积水动力条件的组合关系是影响沉积微相纵向产能分布规律,其中物质供给充分、稳定的强水动力条件下,主要为中高产气层;分流河道微相中心位置,测试产能相对稳定,中高产气层分布比较多.分流河道微相边部,测试产能有不稳定的特点.两个强水动力沉积的河道交汇处,是中、高产气层的密集发育区.另外,曲流化的固定河道,因复杂化而形状变化大、难钻遇,但潜力大.不稳定河道,储层整体产能低,但强水动力沉积区仍具挖潜价值.研究结果与大12-大66井区生产测试结果吻合.

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