良渚北城墙考古土遗址表面藻类的分析研究

摘要

This paper seeks to better clarify the major algal groups that have caused biofouling to earthen sites preserved in humid environments and to provide evidence for studying biodeterioration while establishing ap-propriate countermeasures for later periods. Modern molecular biology research methods were applied for: the extraction of total DNA of the samples, amplification of the targeted fragments, construction of the clone library, determination of sequences, and analysis of phylogeny. Lab results show that three phylums and five genuses of algae might cause biofouling to the earthen sites. Among them, the Nostoc group which belongs to the phylum Cyanophyta is most dominant, the groups of Nitzschia and Phaeodactylum that belong to the phylum Bacillario-phyta are less dominant, and the Microcoleus of the phylum Cyanophyta and other unidentified genus of the phy-lum Chlorophyta are the least dominant. In addition, most sequences retrieved from some samples are similar to Leptobryum, which belongs to the Bryopsida class of the Bryophyta phylum. The differences in community com-ponents between photosynthetic algae and mosses are greatly influenced by the spatial positions of sampling sites and by the water contents of the soil. To reduce the lighting intensity and water penetration in the environment of the earthen sites might be the most efficient way to control the photosynthetic organism erosion.%为了探明造成潮湿环境土遗址生物污损的主要藻类类群，给后期生物退化机理的研究和防治体系的构建提供可靠依据，本研究采用现代分子生物学技术，对杭州良渚北城墙考古土遗址表面的藻类进行了检测和分析。结果表明，引起土遗址生物污损的病害藻类共3门5属，主要为蓝藻门念珠藻属类群，硅藻门菱形藻属与褐指藻属类群次之，蓝藻门壳藻属与绿藻门的未鉴定属最少。另外，苔藓植物门藓纲与薄囊藓属相近的类群在部分样品中占绝对优势。光合藻类与苔藓类群组成的不同主要受各采样位点的空间位置和土体含水量的差异所影响。降低考古土遗址附存环境中的光照和渗水可以有效地控制有害光合生物体的滋生蔓延和侵蚀。