莫高窟旅游开放新模式的构建与实践

摘要

The open tourism at the Mogao Grottoes has greatly promoted the splendid art of the Dunhuang Caves and the deep value of traditional Chinese culture.On the other hand,the increase in visitors and imbal-ance of visitor flow eventually endangered the stability of the caves'microenvironments,thus threatening the conservation of sensitive archaeological sites,and also lowered the quality of the tour experience and visitor sat-isfaction. With the achievements of digital storage and representation technologies at the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,we have constructed a Visitor Center at the Mogao Grottoes site in which contemporary information technologies and display methods have been employed to allow visitors access to a comprehensive presentation of the historical background of Dunhuang and the Mogao Grottoes through immersive displays of significant caves in combination together with cave tours.In this way,a new mode of open tourism at the Mogao Grottoes has been established,which not only improves daily visitor capacity,but also better protects fragile cultural relics, ensures permanent conservation and sustainable utilization of the Mogao Grottoes.%莫高窟的旅游开放,弘扬了敦煌石窟艺术,扩大了中华民族优秀传统文化的影响力.但是日益增多的游客和客流的不均衡,不仅打破了洞窟微环境的稳定性,给洞窟保护带来了巨大的压力和安全隐患,还导致了游客参观质量和满意度的下降.在此情况下,利用敦煌莫高窟壁画数字化存贮与再现技术的成果,建设具有综合功能的莫高窟数字展示中心,充分利用当代信息技术和展示手段,让游客在虚拟漫游厅身临其境地观赏典型洞窟和丰富的敦煌文化,适度结合组织游客参观洞窟实景,从而构建了莫高窟旅游开放新模式.这种模式既能提高每日游客接待能力,又能很好地保护十分脆弱的文物本体,实现文物的"永久保存、永续利用",极大地缓解旅游业给莫高窟文物保护带来的巨大压力.