美国自闭症谱系障碍成人就业和养护的特点及启示

摘要

With the number of children with autism spectrum disorders growing rapidly, their employment and caring services are more and more important. Since earlier times, America has started to focus on the employment and caring services for adults with autism spectrum disorders, and it not only develops sound policies and transition services, but also provides particular employment and caring services. In recent years, our country has been trying to provide these individuals with employment and caring services, but still face many challenges. For example, these adults still lack opportunities to be provided with employment, residential services, and professional caring. Thus, the experience of America gives us some enlightenment as follows: it’s essential to make transition plans and begin vocational training for every individual with autism spectrum disorders when they are young. And it’s necessary to provide more jobs to fit every individual’s strengths. At the same time, we should provide caring services according to the degrees of disabilities.%美国对于自闭症谱系障碍成人就业和养护问题的关注较早，有着较为健全的政策和转衔服务以及特色的就业和养护体系。近年来，我国越来越重视这一群体的就业和生活问题，并采取了相应措施，但仍面临缺乏就业机会、缺乏安置场所和专业养护等挑战。借鉴美国经验，我国应制定自闭症谱系障碍成人就业和养护的系统转衔计划，开展特色的职业培训；尊重差异，设置符合个体特点的就业岗位及根据障碍程度分类养护等政策措施。