Sino-French Life Science and Genomic Center;
the E-Institute of Shanghai;
Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases;
Ruijin Hospital;
Shang-hai Jiao Tong University;
Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases;
Ruijin Hospital;
Shanghai Jiao Tong University;
Inserm U1052;
Cancer Research Centre of Lyon;
CNRS UMR5286;
Cancer Research Centre of Lyon;
Cancer Research Centre of Lyon;
Université de Lyon;
α-cell; β-cell; Transdifferentiation; Diabetes mellitus; Cell-replacement therapy;