利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料、FY-2卫星云图、新一代天气雷达及NECP的1.×1 °再分析资料对黑龙江省的2006-2014年冰雹和2008-2014年的强降水在非典型性天气系统下表现出的局地要素特征以及卫星和雷达特征进行分析.分析结果显示:较大的对流有效位能、低层强暖空气为对流发生提供了热力不稳定;700 hPa湿区配合500 hPa干区使得冰雹具备了对流不稳定性,700 hPa湿区与低层弱水汽辐合能够为强降水的产生获得有利的水汽垂直分布;最终在地面辐合的触发下产生对流;冰雹有较高的0℃层高度和较低的气压;冰雹和强降水有利的地形高度和对流有效位能分别为200～500 m、100～200 m和200～600 J/kg、400 J/kg以上.它们在卫星云图和雷达上的表现往往比较孤立,移动较快,超过75％的云团都是小云块直接或间接产生,产生的时间与形状和面积突变时一致,产生的位置与合并处相同,伴有大的云团时,低层水汽辐合会明显.雷达回波上很难探测到特征回波,强降水多由原地生消或列车效应产生,一般在降水前1h左右会出现小对流泡.%In this paper,we analyzed the local elment features,satellites and radar of local hail from 2006 to 2014 and heavy rainfall from 2008 to 2014 under the typical weather system based on conventional data,zone automatic encryption station observations,NECP1°×1° resolution,FY-2 satellite images,radar in the central region of Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that large convection effective bit energy and low-level warm air provides thermal instability for convection.Wet Areas on 700 hPa with dry area on 500 hPa made hail and weak low-level moisture convergence,provide favorable conditions of vertical distribution for heavy precipitation so that convection can develop,and local convergence can trigger convection.0 2 hail have higher height and low pressure,while the favorable altitude and convective available potential energy for hail and heavy precipitation are not more than 200～500 m,100～200 m and 200～600 J/kg,400 J/kg respectively.They tend to be more isolated and move faster in the satellite images and radar performance.More than 75％ of the clouds are directly or indirectly generated by small cloud blocks,and hail and heavy precipitation occurs in the same time,shape and location as the area mutation or merger.Low-level moisture convergence may be obvious when accompanied by a large clouds.It is difficult to detect characteristic echoes on radar echoes,heavy rain are mostly produced in place and extinction of fire or by train effect.A small convective bubble appears around 1 h before precipitation.
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