北朱雀、燕雀和白腰朱顶雀的能量代谢特征和体温调节

摘要

本实验采用封闭式流体压力呼吸计,测定了环境温度在5-34℃范围内北朱雀(Carpodacusroseus)、燕雀(Fringilla montifringilla)和白腰朱顶雀(Acanthisflammea)的耗氧量、热传导、体温等指标,探讨了其代谢产热特征.结果表明:在环境温度(Ta)为5-30℃的范围内,北朱雀的体温基本维持恒定,平均体温为40.46±0.10℃,热中性区为22.5-27.5℃,基础代谢率为4.30±0.08 ml O2/(g·h);环境温度在5-20℃范围内,代谢率(MR)与Ta呈负相关,回归方程为MR[ml O2/(g·h)]=9.34-0.21Ta(℃);在此范围内,北朱雀的热传导率最低且基本保持恒定,平均为0.24±0.00ml O2/(g·h·℃).在环境温度为5-34℃的范围内,燕雀的体温基本保持稳定,为40.40±0.11℃,热中性区为25 30℃,基础代谢率为4.19±0.05 ml O2/(g·h);环境温度在5-25℃范围内,MR与Ta的回归方程为:MR[mlO2/(g·h)]=11.64-0.29Ta(℃);在5-30℃内.燕雀的热传导最低,平均为0.29±0.01mlO2/(g·h·℃).白腰朱顶雀的热中性区为25-28℃,平均体温为40.48±0.11℃(5-34℃),最低代谢率为4.45±0.14mlO2/(g·h),最低热传导为0.30±0.01mlO2(g·h·℃).在5-25℃范围内，MR与Ta的回归方程为:MR[ml O2/(g·h)]=11.33-0.26Ta(℃).北朱雀、燕雀和朱顶雀的基本生物学特征为:较高的基础代谢率和体温,较低的下临界温度,较宽的热中性区和稍高的热传导率[动物学报50(3):357-363,2004].%We examined the physiological responses of pallas's rosy finches Carpodacus roseus, bramblings Fringillamontifringilla and common redpolls Acanthis flammea to temperature by measuring their metabolic rate (calculated fromoxygen consumption), body temperature and thermal conductance at a temperature range of 5 - 34℃. Oxygen consump-tion was measured using a closed circuit respirometer. The thermal neutral zones of pallas's rosy finches, bramblings andcommon redpolls were 22.5- 27.5℃ , 25- 30℃ and 25- 28℃ , respectively. The mean metabolic rates within thermal118% , 135 % and 191% of the expected value from their body mass, respectively. Mean body temperatures of pallas'srosy finches, bramblings and common redpolls were 40.46 ± 0.10℃ , 40.40 ± 0.11℃ and 40.48 ± 0.11℃ , respectively.Thermal conductances of pallas's rosy finches, bramblings and common redpolls were 0.24 ± 0.00, 0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.30mass. Below the lower critical temperature, the metabolic rate (MR) increased with declining ambient temperature ( Ta)0.26 Ta (℃) for common redpolls, respectively. The ecophysiological characteristics of these species are: high bodytemperature and metabolic rate, wide thermal neutral zone and low lower critical temperature and relatively high thermalconductance. These properties might make these species able to adapt to their environments and survive in relative cold ar-eas in summer [Acta Zoologica Sinica 50 (3): 357-363, 2004].