着丝粒及其在减数分裂中的作用研究进展

摘要

Centromeres are the important functional elements of chromosomes in eukaryotes, their roles played in mitosis and meiosis processes have been paid more and more attentions. Though the chromosomes vary greatly in DNA sequences, their roles are conserved in all eukaryotic organisms, which make sure the faithful segregation of chromosomes and correct cell division. With the continuous development of molecular biology techniques, we have a deep understanding of the functions of centromeres. Here we review the function of centromeres during the meiotic progress.%着丝粒作为真核生物染色体的重要结构之一，是有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中重要的功能元件，其所起到的重要作用越来越受到人们的重视。在整个真核生物类群中，尽管不同物种之间着丝粒的DNA序列相差极大，但是其功能却是相当保守，这确保了着丝粒在调控细胞分裂和染色单体分离过程中能够正常行使其功能，除此之外，人们还发现着丝粒蛋白不仅在细胞的有丝分裂中起作用，还在减数分裂中起着重要的作用。