青龙满族自治县围产儿出生缺陷情况分析及对策研究

摘要

Objective Understand the present situation of perinatal birth defects qinglong manchu autonomous county, tofind the cause of perinatal birth defects, explore study of the various measures to prevent birth defects, which will provide a scientific basis for regional service decision of eugenic and superior nurture.Methods Relying on national free pregnancy eugenics health check project, from January 2013 to September 2015, collecting reproductive health care to qinglong manchu autonomous county hospital to participate in national free pregnant eugenics health check after the project plan of 20271 pregnant women of childbearing age, around the pregnancy pregnancy follow-up found abnormal termination of the fetus, and data on the retrospective statistical analysis.Results Found a total of 156 cases of perinatal birth defects of perinatal birth defects 7.69‰, and a downward trend in 3 years. Perinatal birth defects in the main line, spina bifida, anencephaly encephalocele, congenital hydrocephalus, etc.; Lead to the main factors of perinatal birth defects of the economy, the living environment, living habits, access to health services, for the master degree of knowledge of eugenic and superior nurture, taking of nutrients during pregnancy, etc.Conclusion In order to reduce the perinatal birth defects, we must strengthen eugenics health knowledge propaganda, improve women of childbearing age consciousness of eugenic and superior nurture, through the national free eugenics health examination before childbirth programs at the same time, actively promote prenatal screening technology,strengthen the efforts in prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, actively carry out women take folic acid, pregnancy and the early stages of pregnancy to prevent birth defects "tertiary prevention measures”, can effectively prevent the occurrence of perinatal birth defects, reduce the incidence of birth defects.%目的：了解青龙满族自治县围产儿出生缺陷现状，寻找导致围产儿出生缺陷的原因，探索研究预防出生缺陷的各种措施，为本地区优生优育服务决策提供科学依据。方法依托国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目，收集2013年1月～2015年9月来青龙满族自治县生殖保健医院参加国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目后的20271名计划怀孕的育龄妇女，围孕期早孕随访发现畸形而终止妊娠的胎儿各项数据资料，作回顾性统计分析。结果共发现围产儿出生缺陷156例，围产儿出生缺陷率7.69‰，且3年来呈下降趋势。围产儿出生缺陷主要顺位为无脑儿、脊柱裂、脑膨出、先天性脑积水等；导致围产儿出生缺陷的主要因素为经济状况、生活环境、生活习惯、获得的卫生服务、对优生优育知识的掌握程度、孕期营养素的服用等。结论为了降低围产儿出生缺陷率，必须加强优生健康知识宣传，提高育龄妇女的优生优育意识，同时通过国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目，积极推广产前筛查技术，加强产前筛查和产前诊断力度，积极开展妇女孕前和孕早期补服叶酸等预防出生缺陷的“三级预防”措施，才能有效的预防围产儿出生缺陷的发生，降低出生缺陷发生率。