稠油乳化降粘减阻输送技术进展

摘要

Due to its outstanding features of lager density and high viscosity, the heavy oil is generally transported by heating oil pipelining. But the conventional process has several disadvantages, such as high energy consumption and so on. So it is important to study the other friction reduction transportation technologies. In this paper, the principle and technical-economic characteristics of friction reduction transportation technology by emulsification and viscosity reduction for heavy oil were discussed as well as types of emulsifying viscosity reducer and the screening method, the evaluation method and influence factors of emulsion stability and the principle of demulsification and measures to improve demulsification effect. And the typical engineering examples of friction reduction transportation technology by emulsification and viscosity reduction for heavy oil were also introduced. Finally, the existing problems and development direction of this technology were summarized and analyzed. In addition, the focal point of the further study was pointed out.%稠油具有密度大、粘度高的特点，采用传统的加热输送工艺存在能耗高等弊端，研究加热输送以外的稠油降粘减阻输送技术具有重要意义。重点介绍了稠油乳化降粘减阻输送技术的原理与技术经济特性、乳化降粘剂的类型与筛选方法、乳状液稳定性的评价方法及其影响因素、破乳的机理与改善破乳效果的措施，并介绍了典型的稠油乳化降粘减阻输送技术应用的工程实例，最后总结分析了该技术现存的问题、发展方向，指出了进一步研究的重点。