稠油催化改质技术研究

摘要

The viscosity reducing mechanisms and research progress of air-catalytic oxidation and steam injection aqua-thermolysis at home and abroad were reviewed.The catalytic upgrading of heavy oil is to change heavy oil component to decrease the relative molecular weight of asphaltene and resin for realizing viscosity reduction.The air-catalytic oxidation technology includes two main processes of low temperature oxidation and high temperature oxidation to realize aromatic hydrocarbons disruption and macromolecular rupture.The synergistic action of water vapor and hydrogen donor in aquathermolysis can break C-S,C-O,C-N bonds more fully.At last,field application of aquathermolysis was introduced as well as research progress in catalysis.%综述了注空气催化氧化和注水蒸汽水热裂解两种技术的降粘机理及国内外研究进展,通过对稠油催化改质、改变稠油的组分、降低沥青质和胶质总的相对分子量以实现降粘.其中空气催化氧化技术包括低温氧化和高温氧化两个主要过程:实现芳环破裂,大分子断裂.从水溶性催化剂、油溶性催化剂到微乳催化剂研究;水热裂解中水蒸汽和供氢剂的协同可使稠油中C-S、C-O、C-N键断裂更为充分,同时综述了水热裂解的现场应用和催化剂的进展.