基于1951-1998年的铁路重大洪水灾害资料,对中国铁路洪水灾害频次、致灾程度、时空分布特征及其变化进行了分析.结果表明,1951-1998年,中国铁路年均发生3.1起重大洪水灾害,重大洪水灾害造成全国铁路年均行车中断63 d,其中1954、1960、1981、1991和1996年是铁路洪水灾害严重的年份.铁路洪水灾害主要发生在5-8月,其中7月发生次数最多,但行车中断天数在8月最多.从铁路洪水灾害的地域分布来看,主要分布在东北、西北、华东及华南地区,发生洪水灾害次数最多的线路是兰新线,其次是京广线和陇海线,致灾程度最严重是淮南线.对中国不同区域铁路洪水灾害的致灾原因进行了探讨.%Based on the major flood disaster events of China railway during 1951-1998, the frequency, disastrous degrees, spatiotemporal distribution and their dynamic characteristics were analyzed. The results show that on the average over the period of 1951-1998, there were 3.1 major flood disaster events and 63 days of traffic interruption each year in China railway. 1954, 1960, 1981,1991 and 1996 were the peak times of major flood disaster events of China railway. The flood disasters mainly took place from May to August, and the most of them occurred in July yet the most traffic interruption days were in August. With regard to the regional distribution of major flood disaster events, most of them occurred in Northeast China, Northwest China, East China and South China. The Lanxin line had the most flood events, followed by the Jingguang line and Longhai line, and the Huainan line was the severest disastrous line in China. Causes for major flood disasters of China railway in different areas were also discussed.
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