民机机头复合材料风挡结构鸟撞分析

摘要

The relative velocity is always very large when the bird impacting on the aircraft windshield, and the body of the bird will present the property of fluid. This kind of problem belongs to the category of fluid dynamics. At first, this paper analyzed a numerical simulation of bird impacting on aluminum plate with the method of ALE, and the result of simulation and the test data are compared. Then a full scale model which contains windshield, framework and the skin is set up. The framework and the skin are made of composite materials. Numerical study of bird strike on this model is done and the result proves that the structure meets the design requirements. At present, a full scale framework of aircraft windshield with composite materials has not been applied to the civil aircraft yet, so the study of this windshield structure with composite materials is of great significance.%在鸟体撞击风挡结构过程中，鸟体与风挡结构撞击相对速度很大，呈现出流体特性，属于典型的流固耦合瞬态冲击动力学问题。首先针对文献中的鸟撞铝板试验采用任意的拉格朗日-欧拉( ALE )流固耦合方法进行了分析，对计算方法与鸟体模型进行了验证。然后建立了包括风挡玻璃、风挡骨架以及蒙皮在内的民机全尺寸风挡结构抗鸟撞动响应分析的有限元模型，进行了鸟撞数值模拟，其中风挡骨架与蒙皮采用复合材料。全尺寸的复合材料风挡骨架目前还没有应用到民机上，因此，对复合材料风挡结构的研究是很有意义的。