隋唐长安设计模数新释

摘要

The comparison of different reports of Chang'an in Sui-Tang Dynasty reveals that the distance between the Rosefinch Gate Boulevard and east region of its palace city,imperial city,and outer city was wider than the west region by 50 zhang,which equals to a basic square in the planning of capital city of Sui-Tang Dynasty.This difference might come from the original plan,and may also from the practical planning implementation.According to the second possibility,the planning module of Chang'an is likely to be 500 zhang,and this city is consisted of five rows,six columns,totally thirty 500 zhang square blocks with roads between modules.By comparison of the planning module of Luoyang in Sui-Tang Dynasty,Heijōkyō and Shangjing of Bohai State,it is likely that these capitals all take a square block that bigger than 1 li as the planning module,which proves that the inference of the design module during SuiTang Dynasty conform to the developing trend of planning method during the same period,and may be more reliable and close to the historical situation.%比对数次略有差异的考古实测数据可知,隋唐长安宫城、皇城、外城的东半部分较之西半部分距朱雀门大道的宽度差值约50丈,即隋唐都城规划设计中的一个基准方格.这一差值的存在既有可能来自原初规划,也有可能来自规划实施中的调整.如是后一种情况,隋唐长安规划方案的设计模数很有可能是500丈,即全城由5排、6列大小相等的共30个500丈见方的模块间以预留道路用地构成.参考与隋唐长安同时期的东亚都城,如隋唐洛阳、日本平城京和渤海国上京城,这些都城可能都采用了边长大于1里的等大方块作为设计模块,由此可佐证对隋唐长安500丈设计模数的推断符合隋唐之际都城规划设计方法的发展趋势,或更为接近历史的真实.