Coal is an important fossil fuel with highest carbon content. Huge amount of CO2 emission caused by the use of coal has attracted high attention. In this paper, a new concept which is directed by low-carbon economy was proposed for the development of coal chemical industry in China. According to the actual situation in China, it is necessary and inevitable to choose the processes that can be highly effective multi-product as well as can combine coal chemical industry with petrochemical or metallurgical industry for utilizing effectively coal at different level. Besides, in order to lessen the dependence of oil imports and reduce the carbon emission intensity per unit GDP, we should take efforts to produce high value-added products from coal chemical industry instead of petrochemical industry, such as alkenes, aromatics especially benzene, toluene and xylene, methane and acetylene. Therefore, it is important to launch deeper research on crucial processes and new techniques like molecular tailoring and directional conversion.%煤是含碳量最高的化石能源.煤炭利用导致大量CO2排放的问题已引起高度重视.为此,本文提出了以低碳理念指导的我国煤化工产业的发展思路.基于我国的实际情况,高能效的多联产路线以及煤化工和石化、冶金等产业的共生路线是实现煤的分级和高效利用的必然选择；在高附加值煤化工产品方面,应该大力发展三烯、三苯、天然气、乙炔等产品替代石油化工,尽可能减少对石油进口的依赖,并降低单位GDP煤化工的碳排放强度；为此必须加强相关关键工艺技术以及煤炭组分定向剪裁和转化等新技术的研发.
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