代谢工程中途径和菌株改造的几种新技术

摘要

Metabolic engineering is an important development direction in the field of biology. So far it has a history of more than 20 years. Genetic modification of microorganisms by means of metabolic engineering can realize the sustainable production of a series of compounds, providing a potential solution for the energy and environmental problems. In recent years, some new technologies have been developed in the field of metabolic engineering, including the multivariable modular optimization technology, scaffold technology for enzyme assembly, dynamic control of metabolic flux and large-scale genome editing technology. Here we summarized and introduced the development and application of these technologies.%代谢工程是生物学领域重要的发展方向，迄今为止已有20多年的发展历史。通过代谢工程手段对微生物进行遗传改造，可以实现一系列化合物的可持续生产，为能源及环境问题提供了有潜力的解决方案。最近几年代谢工程领域出现了一些最新技术，包括多变量的模块化优化技术、酶集结的支架技术、代谢流量的动态调控技术以及大规模基因编辑技术。本文对这些技术发展及应用进行了总结和介绍。