随着不可再生的石化资源的不断消耗以及生态环境的不断恶化，可再生资源和能源的开发和利用受到越来越多的重视。木质纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生生物质资源，蕴藏量和产量巨大，具有广阔的开发利用前景。本文在介绍国内外木质纤维素资源开发利用研究的基础上，结合当今世界生物质能领域的研发现状，分别概述了经由呋喃类化合物及乙酰丙酸等木质纤维素基平台化合物分子，制备液体燃料和燃料添加剂的最新研究进展。在总结归纳合成途径的同时，分析了现阶段面临的主要问题及可能的解决办法，以期能为木质纤维素类生物质能源化利用的研究提供有益的参考与借鉴。%Development and utilization of renewable biomass resources has great significance in easing the energy crisis and reducing environmental pollution. Lignocellulosic biomass is much more concerned due to its abundant reserves, lower cost and fast-growing. In this work some relevant processes for the preparation of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives from lignocellulosic platform molecules are discussed and summarized. Catalytic transformation of these platform molecules for the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels can be obtained by combining oxygen removal processes (e.g. dehydration, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, decarbonylation) with the increase of molecular weightvia C-C coupling reactions (e.g. aldol condensation, hydroxyalkylation, ketonization, oligomerization). Moreover, it is shown that these platform molecules can also be converted into a variety of fuel additives through catalytic transformations that include reduction, esterification, etherification, and acetalization reactions. The catalysts and processes involved in these catalytic routes are intensively discussed, and their existing problems as well as possible solutions are addressed, which may provide insights helpful for further studies on the valorization of lignocellulose for energy.
展开▼
