Objective To study the relationship between perioperative detection of forkhead box protein P 3(Foxp3) mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC ) of patients with kidney transplantation and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN ) . Methods 35 cases of renal allografts completed in this hospital defined clinically and confirmed histopathologically were observed as CAN group ,simultaneously a retrospective case-control study was performed on 35 renal transplant recipients with normal graft function observed(control group) .Foxp3 levels of PBMC in perioperative period were dynamically determined in two groups .Real time PCR was applied to detect the expression of Foxp3 mRNA .In order to find out other risk factors influencing chronic allograft nephropathy and eliminate disturbance .The related clinic factors were compared between the CAN group and the control group .Re-sults The Foxp3 mRNA level was lower in the CAN group than the control group [(24 .1 ± 16 .2) × 10-4 vs .(52 .3 ± 27 .4) × 10-4 ,P<0 .01] .Among risk factors influencing chronic allograft nephropathy ,only acute rejection(AR) was probably different in two groups .In order to avoid disturbance ,further classification was done according to AR .The statistical results show that the Foxp3 mRNA level in two groups was not be affected by AR .Conclusion The Foxp3 mRNA level in perioperative period is associ-ated with CAN which maybe a risk factor for CAN .Foxp3 may be an index to predict the occurrence risk of chronic allograft ne-phropathy after kidney transplantation and guide individual treatment .%目的：探讨肾移植患者围术期外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中叉头翼状螺旋转录因子（Foxp3）表达水平与慢性移植肾肾病（CAN）的关系。方法选取该院经临床表现及病理确诊为CAN的35例患者作为CAN组，同时选取35例移植肾功正常患者作为对照组。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术对患者围术期外周血PBMC中Foxp3 mRNA进行检测比较，为剔除研究Foxp3表达水平对CAN的影响时的干扰因素，对CAN的相关临床影响因素进行了分析。结果 CAN组围术期Foxp3 mRNA表达低于正常对照组，两组相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。对CAN影响因素筛选显示，两组急性排斥反应（AR）比较，差异具有统计学意义，进行再次分组比较显示，有无AR对CAN组及对照组中Foxp3水平无影响。结论肾移植患者围术期外周血PBMC中Foxp3 mRNA水平与远期慢性移植肾肾病具有相关性，可以作为预测移植后慢性移植肾肾病发生危险程度的一个指标，指导个体化治疗。
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