为分析贵州中部山区烤烟生物碱含量积累特点以及与生态因子的关系,以贵州中部山区25份土壤样品和对应的C3F初烤烟叶样品为材料,采用气相色谱法测定烟叶中烟碱、降烟碱、麦斯明、假木贼碱、新烟草碱5种生物碱含量,分析生态因子与烟叶生物碱含量间的相关关系.结果表明,贵州中部山区烟叶烟碱含量为2.83%,各生物碱含量依次为烟碱＞新烟草碱＞降烟碱＞假木贼碱＞麦斯明;降水量、空气湿度、气温及昼夜温差对烟叶生物碱含量的影响较大,而地温、日照时数对其的影响不明显;从生物碱含量来看,假木贼碱、新烟草碱含量受降水量和昼夜温差的影响程度较大;各生物碱组分含量均随着土壤碱解氮含量的升高而增高,烟碱和假木贼碱含量与土壤pH呈正效应,麦斯明含量与有效钾呈负效应.贵州中部山区烤烟生物碱含量受降水量、空气湿度、气温、昼夜温差以及土壤碱解氮含量的影响较大.%The relationship between alkaloid content of flue-cured tobacco and ecological factors in the central region of Guizhou Province was analyzed. 25 samples of soil and the corresponding tobacco leaves (C3F) were collected from the central region of Guizhou Province. The contents of five main alkaloids including nicotine, nornicotine, myosmine, anabasine, and anatabine in tobacco leaves were determined by gas chromatography. The correlation between ecological factors and alkaloid contents and components were analyzed. The content of nicotine was about 2.83% in the central region of Guizhou Province. The order of content of the 5 main alkaloid in tobacco leaves was: nicotine＞anatabine＞ nornicotine ＞ anabasine ＞ myosmine. Significant correlation between precipitation, humidity of the air, air temperature and diurnal temperature and alkaloid contents were found. No significant correlation between ground temperature, sunshine time and alkaloid contents was found. The precipitation and diurnal temperature strongly affected the contents of anabasine and anatabine. The content of alkaloid components increased with the increasing content of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen. The positive effects between content of nicotine and anabasine and soil pH were found, while the content of myosmine and effective potassium of soil had negative effect. Significant correlation between precipitation, humidity of the air, air temperature, diurnal temperature and soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and alkaloid contents were found.
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