早产儿出院后早期体格生长及其影响因素分析

摘要

目的 观察不同胎龄早产儿出院后体格生长的差异.探讨影响早产儿早期体格生长的可能因素.方法 在出院后随访的早产儿中,选择资料完整的114例,按出生时胎龄进行分组,比较其校正胎龄约40周、校正月龄1个月、3个月、6个月的体质量、身长、头围差异.收集可能的影响变量,采用单因素分析,筛选出影响早期体格生长的可能因素,再行多重线性回归分析.结果 两两比较,校正胎龄40周时,28~30周、30+1~32周组身长与32+1~34周比较,28~30周组头围与32+1~34周比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);校正1个月龄时,28~30周组体质量与其他组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);此组身长与32+1~34周比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);校正6个月龄时,32+1~34周身长与34+1~36+6周组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 早期营养是早产儿体格生长的重要影响因素,父母文化程度高低可影响早产儿体格生长.%Objective To investigate the physical growth of premature infants born at different gestational ages, and to explore the possible influencing factors for early-life physical growth in premature infants. Methods A total of 114 premature infants, presenting with complete medical data as identified in follow-up after hospital discharge, were allocated to groups according to their gestational age at birth. Body weight, length, and head circumference at correct-ed gestational age of 40 weeks, corrected ages of 1, 3 and 6 months were compared among groups. Possible influenc-ing variables were subjected to univariate analysis to select factors related to early-life physical growth. The latter were subjected to multiple linear regression analysis. Results By pair-wised comparison, there were significant differences in length at corrected gestational age of 40 weeks between infants born at gestational weeks 28-30 or 30+1-32 and those born at weeks 32+1-34, and in head circumference between infants born at gestational weeks 28-30 and those at weeks 32+1-32 (all P<0.05). At the corrected age of 1 month, the body weight of infants born at gestational weeks 28-30 was statistically different from that in the other groups (P<0.05). In addition, the length of these infants was signifi-cantly different compared with infants born at weeks 32+1-34 weeks (P<0.05). At the corrected age of 6 months, there was a significant difference in length between infants born at gestational weeks 32+1-34 and those born at weeks 34+1-36 (P<0.05). Conclusion Early nutrition is an important influencing factor for physical growth in premature infants. The education level of parents may affect the physical growth of premature infants.