出院后不同喂养方式对低出生体质量早产儿1～3月龄体格生长的影响

摘要

Objective To compare the effects of post-dischargc formula (PDF), breast milk (BM) or term formula (TF) on growth parameters (e.g. weight, length, and head circumference) at 1. 2 and 3 months after birth in low-birth-weight premature infants.Methods A total of 407 iow-birth-weight premature infants from ten hospitals of Guangzhou and Foshan City, Guangdong Province, were chosen for this study. The infants were assigned into three groups, PDF-fed group (n=258), BM-fed group (N=58) and TF-fed group (N=91). The body weight, length and head circumference were recorded at 1, 2 and 3 months afterbirth. The increment of each growth parameters was calculated. Results PDF-fed group had gained significantly more body weight and length than TF-fed group at 1, 2 and 3 months aftler birth (P<0.05) and BM-fed group at 1 and 3 months after birth (P<0.05), but the difference was not significant between PDF-fed and BM-fed group at 2 months after birth (P >0.05). The gains of head circumference were not different at 1, 2 and 3 months after birth among three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Feeding iow-hirth-weight premature infants with PDF after hospital discharge could improve their body weigh! and length gains in the early postnatal period. It could help low-birth-weight premature infants achieve catch-up growth, and reduce or even avoid the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation.%目的 探讨低出生体质量早产儿出院后,以早产儿出院后配方奶、母乳、足月儿配方奶三种不同方式喂养对其生后1～3月龄体质量、身长、头围等体格生长指标的影响.方法将从广东省10家医院新生儿科出院的407例低出生体质量早产儿按喂养方式不同,分为早产儿出院后配方奶喂养组(PDF组,n=258)、母乳喂养组(BM组,n=58)、足月儿配方奶喂养组(TF组,n=91),观察比较各组婴儿生后1～3个月体质量、身长、头围的增长情况.结果PDF组婴儿在1、2,3月龄时体质量、身长的增长均超过TF组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);PDF组婴儿在1、3月龄时体质量、身长的增长超过BM组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),但在2月龄时,体质量、身长的增长与BM组差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);三组婴儿在1、2、3月龄时,头围增长差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论低出生体质量早产儿出院后应用PDF喂养能促进生后早期的体质量、身长增长,这可能有助于低出生体质量早产儿实现追赶生长,避免或减少宫外发育迟缓的发生.