不同稻草覆盖量和栽培方式对广西冬作马铃薯产量的影响

摘要

2009-2010和2010-2011冬季生长季节，布置田闰试验研究不同稻草覆盖和栽培方式对冬作马铃薯产量和产量构成的影响。在2009-2010年度，试验设置不同肥料用量，不同种植密度及不同稻草覆盖量3个影响因子。结果表明，种植密度为90000株/hm2（D2）时，无论是商品薯还是非商品薯的产量均较高；而在施肥量较高的处理中（F2，1．2t/hm2复合肥），商品薯的产量增加，非商品薯产量显著下降。在稻草覆盖处理M05（0．5kg/m2）和M1（110kg/m2）中，马铃薯的产量和产量构成没有显著差别。D2F2Mas处理的产量最高，为15．0t/hm2，其中商品薯的产量为13．0t/hm2。在2010-2011年度，进一步研究了不同耕作方法（箱式耕作和垄式耕作）及不同稻草覆盖量（5个水平）对马铃薯产量和产量构成的影响。与垄式耕作方式相比，箱式耕作节约了一半的工作强度，但产量并没有下降。结果显示，当覆盖量为0．25kg/m2时，获得的产量最高，为25．3t/hm2。但是，非商品薯的产量和绿薯率均随着稻草覆盖量的减少而增加。在中国，每公顷的稻草产量约为5000kg。因此，考虑到实际条件的限制，在广西冬作区，选用箱式耕作的同时覆盖0.5kg/m2的稻草是最为经济和高效的栽培方式。%Field experiments were carried out in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 growth seasons to study the effect of different rice-straw mulches and planting pattems on yield and yield components of winter potato in Guangxi province in South China. In 2009-2010, the effect of fertilizer, density and straw mulch level on potato yield and yield components were studied. The results indicated that both the yield of the marketable and non-marketable potato was higher with the planting density of 90 000 plants / ha （D2）, the marketable yield increased and the non-marketable yield decreased significantly in the F2 （1.2 t / ha component fertilizer） treatment. No difference of yield and yield component was detected between the M.5（0.5 kg / m2 rice straw） and M1 （1.0 kg / m2 rice straw） treatment. The D2F2M0.5treatment obtained highest total potato yield （15.0 t / ha） and highest marketable potato yield （13.0 t / ha）. In 2010-2011, the effects of two tillage methods （double-row one ridge planting （R） and four-row one ridge planting （B）） and five straw mulch levels on potato yield and yield components of winter potato were further researched. Planting potato with four-rows on one ridge reduced half of the tillage intensity, but the total yield was not reduced. Cultivating with the mulch amount of 0.25 kg / m2 was the best one to achieve the highest yield （25.3 t / ha）. But lower mulch amount usually showed higher non-marketable yield and green tuber rate. The average straw yield of rice was about 5 000 kg / ha （0.5 kg / m2） in China. Therefore, considering the limitation of the practical condition, the tillage method of planting potato with four rows on one ridge with 0.5 kg / m2 straw mulch is more convenient and efficient, which should be recommended in Guangxi.